Transcript Air Pollution Control Update 10/16/09 Air & Waste

Air Pollution Control Update
10/14/11
Air & Waste Management
Association
William O’Sullivan, P.E.
Director, Division of Air Quality
NJ Department of Environmental Protection
1
Air Pollution Challenges 2012
1.
Mobile Sources
2.
Air Toxics (especially diesel) focus on disproportionate impacts.
3.
Ozone
4.
NO2/SO2 1 hour NAAQS
5.
Fine Particulates – continued progress
6.
GHG – BACT/High Efficiency
6.
Mobile Sources
2
3
2.5
PM
25.0
New Jersey
Annual Average and Maximum Concentration
1999-2010
Average Concentration = Average of all sites annual average
Maximum Concentration = Maximum Annual Average
20.0
NAAQS = 15 ug/m3
3
mg/m
15.0
Average Concentration
Maximum Concentration
New Jersey Goal = 12 ug/m3
10.0
5.0
0.0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
4
Number of Day Ozone Standards
Have Been Exceeded in New Jersey
1986 - 2011
Data Through Sept 11, 2011
80
>0.12 ppm (1-Hour Max)
>0.08 ppm (8-Hour Max)
>0.075 ppm (8-Hour Max)
68
70
64
59
61
56
49
50
52
50
47
45
46
45
44
41
40
36
34
32
36
36
35 34
33
39
36
35
30
30
30
26
23
23
20
18
18
16
14
10
9
10
7
6
4
21
17
14
13
11
10
4
18
9
5
4
3
3
0
0
01
9
1
0
20
11
18
23
20
20
10
22
20
09
20
08
20
07
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
01
20
00
19
99
19
98
19
97
19
96
19
95
19
94
19
93
19
92
19
91
19
90
19
89
19
88
19
87
0
19
86
Number of Days
60
61
5
NAAQS Exceeded on 31 days during this period
6
9/8/2011
8/29/2011
8/19/2011
8/9/2011
7/30/2011
7/20/2011
7/10/2011
6/30/2011
6/20/2011
6/10/2011
5/31/2011
5/21/2011
5/11/2011
5/1/2011
4/21/2011
4/11/2011
4/1/2011
3/22/2011
3/12/2011
3/2/2011
2/20/2011
2/10/2011
1/31/2011
1/21/2011
1/11/2011
1/1/2011
12/22/2010
12/12/2010
12/2/2010
11/22/2010
0.09
11/12/2010
11/2/2010
10/23/2010
10/13/2010
10/3/2010
9/23/2010
Parts per Million (ppm)
Daily Maximum 1-Hour SO2 Concentrations
Columbia, New Jersey
September 23, 2010 - September 11, 2011
0.2
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.1
0.08
NAAQS = 75 ppb
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
New Jersey State Implementation Plan (SIP) Status
•
Ozone
– 0.08 ppm
• USEPA approved RFP, RACM, Conformity, RACT and Control Measures;
• USEPA proposed disapproval of the attainment demonstration May 2009;
• NJ’s Northern NAA: NJ has requested a Clean Data Determination;
• NJ’s Southern NAA: NJ received a 1 year extension of the 2009 attainment
date.
– 0.075 ppm
• NJ submitted designation recommendations April 1, 2009;
• NJ recommended either a larger multi-state NAA, or the same as the 0.08 ppm
NAAs;
• EPA put them on hold pending the ozone reconsideration, but is now moving
forward with implementation.
•
PM2.5
– 15 μg/m3 annual
• NJ submitted a final SIP March 2009. We are waiting for EPA action;
• EPA promulgated a Clean Data Determination for NJ’s Northern NAA;
• We expect EPA to propose a Clean Data Determination for NJ’s Southern
NAA;
– 35 μg/m3 24-hour
• NJ will request a CDD from the USEPA for both NAA’s.
•
Regional Haze
– Submitted Jul 28, 2009, submitted BART portion in 2011, EPA has proposed
APPROVAL on August 11, 2011.
7
Anticipated National Ambient Air Quality Standards Milestones
Pollutant
Standard
NAAQS
Designation 110(a) SIPs
Promulgation
Effective
Due
Date
Attainment
Demonstration Due
Attainment
Date
Dec-12, CDD in
progress instead
Dec-14
Promulgated
PM2.5
35 µg/m3 daily
Sep-06
Dec-09
Sep-09
Ozone
0.075 ppm 8 hour
Mar-08
Mid-12?
Mar-11
Mid-15?
Dec-15
Marginal or
Dec-18
Moderate?
Lead
0.15 µg/m3
Oct-08
Nov-11?
Oct-11
NA
NA
NO2 Primary
100 ppb 1 hour
Jan-10
Feb-12?
Jan-13
NA
NA
SO2 Primary
75 ppb 1 hour
Jun-10
Aug-12?
CO
No change, new
monitoring
requirements
Aug-11
NA
NA
NA
NA
NO2/SO2 Secondary
NO2-53 ppb annual,
100 ppb 1 hour, SO20.5 ppm 3 hour, 75
ppb 1 hour?
Proposed
8/2011, Final
3/2012?
Apr-14?
Mar-15?
Oct-15?
NA
PM2.5
12 µg/m3 annual, 30
µg/m3 daily?
Proposal end
of 2011?
Dec-14?
Oct-15?
Dec-17?
Dec-19/24?
Ozone
8-hour 0.06-0.07 ppm?
Jun-14?
Jul-16?
Jun-16?
Jul-19?
Jul-24?
For AAs: For NAs: Jan-14 (Plan)
Jun-13
and by Aug-17 (Demo
(maint also)
and maint)?
Aug-17?
Not Yet Promulgated
Updated 9/29/2011, Judy Rand
8
Overview of New 1-hour NAAQS
1-hr NO2 = 100 ppb (189 ug/m3)
• Effective on April 12, 2010
• Based on 98th percentile of annual
distribution of daily max. 1-hr values
1-hr SO2 = 75 ppb (196 ug/m3)
• Effective on August 23, 2010
• Based on 99th percentile of annual
distribution of daily max. 1-hr values
9
1-Hour NO2 in New Jersey
• Current New Jersey 1-Hour
Background Levels 37% to 67% of NAAQS
• EPA and NJDEP guidance memos limit
need to model intermittent NOx
emissions:
– Startup/Shutdown operations
– Testing of emergency equipment
10
1-Hour NO2 Modeling Conclusions
• NO2 1-Hour NAAQS is much more easily
violated than the current annual NAAQS
• Principal sources of concern:
- smaller sources with low stacks,
- large sources with large emissions and
no NOx control
11
1-Hour SO2 in New Jersey
• Current New Jersey 1-Hour Background
Levels – 18% - 47% of NAAQS
• Sources currently burning No. 2 and lighter
oil will become negligible after 2016
(Sulfur in Fuel Rule will limit oil to 15
ppm sulfur)
12
Sulfur In Fuel Rule
Grade of
Fuel Oil
Current Limits
(ppm)
2014 Limits
(ppm)
7/1/14
500
2016 Limits
(ppm)
7/1/16
15
#2 &
Lighter
2,000 – 3,000
#4
3,000 – 20,000
2,500
#5, #6, &
Heavier
3,000 – 20,000
3,000 or 5,000
14
13
1-Hour SO2 Modeling Conclusions
• SO2 1-Hour NAAQS is much more
easily violated than the 3 and 24-Hour
NAAQS
• Principal sources of concern are
older, large sources burning No. 6 oil
or coal (in other states)
14
Columbia Lake NJ Monitor
• Data collected since Sept. 23, 2010
• 31 exceedances of the 1-hour SO2
NAAQS recorded from Sept. 23, 2010
to Sept. 15, 2011
• Confirms model predictions of
NAAQS violations due to Portland
Power Plant
15
16
USEPA’s NATA
National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment
EPA released 2005 NATA in March 2011.
(2002 NATA was released to public in June 2009.)
NATA is generated for every 3rd year.
17
USEPA’s NATA 2005
For 177 air toxics + diesel particulate matter
Compile emissions
inventory for point,
nonpoint & mobile
sources
Estimate ambient
concentrations for
each census tract
nationwide
Dispersion
modeling
Estimate
public health
risk
18
19
20
21
NJ Facility-Wide Cancer Risk Guidelines
Risk < 10 in a million (1x10-5)
Negligible risk
10 in a million < Risk ≤ 100 in a million
Pursue long-term (5-year)
risk minimization
strategy.
100 in a million < Risk < 1000 in a million
Pursue short-term (<1
year) and long-term risk
minimization strategy.
Risk > 1000 in a million (1x10-3)
Unacceptable risk.
Pursue N.J.A.C. 7:27-5
enforcement action for
existing facilities.
22
Mobile Sources
1. Diesel
a. Port
b. Retrofit Program
c. Idling Program
d. Inspection and Maintenance
2. Gasoline
a. Inspection and Maintenance
23
24
25
Diesel Retrofit Program
• Closed crankcase technology
installed on 7,310 school buses.
• Tailpipe control technology
installed on 1,400 garbage trucks.
• 800 NJ Transit buses underway & almost done.
1,500 commercial transit buses in process.
• 6,500 other public diesel vehicles and larger offroads begin retrofit Fall 2011.
26
Other retrofit opportunities
• Governor’s Executive Order #60 requires
nonroad retrofits on DOT construction projects
• Targeted at urban areas
• 175 retrofits over 3 years
• Evaluation after 3 years before expanding to all
projects
• Funding from grants and enforcement settlement
($2.5 million)
• Builds on NJ Clean Construction efforts
underway
27
Summary of Voluntary Diesel Reduction Projects in NJ as of 9/1/2011
Total Projects Completed & Underway = $ 18,416,500
On road $1,489,000
Rail $3,987,500
Study $370,000
Non
Nonroad
road $6,532.000
$3,510,000
Idle Reduction $4,053,000
Education $235,000
Marine $1,750,000
28
Back to School Reminder
• 3 minute idling limit for all gasoline and diesel
vehicles (this includes school buses and
parents).
29
Diesel I/M Program
• ~85,000 heavy-duty diesel trucks are inspected annually at private
inspection facilities.
• ~11,000 heavy-duty diesel (in & out of state) trucks are inspected by
State diesel roadside teams.
• Smoke opacity standards were lowered and enforcement began April
2010.
– Annual inspections saw a 1% increase in emission failures
– Roadside inspections saw a 10% increase in emission failures
Opacimeter in stack
30
• NJ has about 5 million gasoline vehicles that
require periodic inspection.
• 80% of inspections performed at 120 centralized
lanes and 20% at over 1,100 decentralized
garages.
• Almost 3 million inspections per year.
• Overall initial failure rate is 12%.
• 96% of vehicle owners show up for inspection on
time and/or have a valid inspection sticker.
31
• New Jersey’s Inspection & Maintenance (I/M)
Program was revised in early 2010
– On Board Diagnostics (OBD) test for all 1996
and newer cars including light-duty diesels
– Dynamometer-based emissions test replaced
with two-speed idle emission test for pre-1996
cars
32
• Future I/M program designs will focus on
the use of On-Board Diagnostics (OBD)
for all vehicles including heavy-duty diesel.
• The use of advanced OBD inspection
technologies will enable future I/M
programs to become more cost-effective
by reducing inspection costs while
focusing on the “M”, i.e., maintenance side
of I/M to maximize emission reductions.
33
New Jersey’s Low Emission Vehicle
(LEV) Program
• Adopted by DEP in 2005, became mandatory in
January 2009
• Light-duty vehicles sold in NJ must meet California
emission limits;
• The program includes emission standards for NMOG,
NOx, CO, and Greenhouse Gases(CO2, CH4, N2O,
HFCs)
• The Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) requirement
promotes advanced technologies such as Battery
Electric, Fuel Cell Electric, Plug-In Hybrids and
Hybrid Electric Vehicles
34
LEV Program Metrics:
Cleaner Vehicles Sold in NJ
Sales Quantities (PZEV & AT
PZEV)
Total sales of PZEV & AT PZEV
160,000
136,192
112,721
140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
51,095 51,233
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
59
2003
2,692
2004
Total
sales of
PZEV &
AT PZEV
21,334 14,901
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Model Year
•
•
•
PZEVs Partial Zero Emission Vehicles, ultra-low emitting , AT PZEVs
are Hybrid-Electrics; sales has increased to about 26% in 2009/2010;
15 years / 150,000 miles warranty, 10 years on battery
Placed in NJ: 110 BMW BEV Mini-E, 30+ full range electric Tesla
vehicles; Nissan Leaf and PHEV Chevrolet Volt are coming too
35
Stationary Sources
1. OTC Regional Control Strategies
2. General Permits
3. Transformation
4. ISG
36
OTC Regional Control Strategies
NOx Sources:
VOC Sources:
Model Rules/MOUs:
1. EGU’s (Oil and Gas-fired Boilers)*
2.
High Electric Demand Day (HEDD)
Turbines*
3.
New Small Boilers
4.
Stationary Generators
Model Rules/MOUs:
1.
Large VOC Stationary Storage
Tanks*
2.
Autobody Refinishing
3.
Consumer Products
4.
Architectural/Industrial Coatings
Draft Model Rules:
5.
Non-Road Equipment Idling*
6.
Natural Gas Compressor Stations
Draft Model Rules:
5.
Solvent Cleaning
(Industrial/Commercial)
6.
Paint Thinners (Consumer)
Categories Under Review:
7. Municipal Waste Incinerators
8.
Promote Energy Efficiency/
Renewable Energy
9.
Coal-fired Boilers (EPA)
Category Under Review:
7.
Stage 1 and 2 Vapor Recovery
*Existing NJ Rule Equivalent to Model Already Adopted
37
General Permits/ General Operating
Permits Under Development
GP Number
Title
Status
GP-021/GOP005
CHP using
Turbines
Available for Use
Sept. 19, 2011
GP-022/GOP006
CHP using Spark
Ignited Engines
Available for Use
Sept. 19, 2011
GOP-003
Emergency
Generators
Propose winter
2012
38
TRANSFORMATION
Air Permit Review & Process
39
ITEMS DISCUSSED
•
•
•
•
•
•
Permit Format
Streamlining of Compliance Plans
Level of monitoring
Level of monitoring as it relates to
enforcement history
Permit application supplemental
information
Redefining insignificant sources in NJ
Title V program
40
ITEMS DISCUSSED
•
•
•
•
•
Hold on-site pre/post application meetings
Offer Plant-wide Applicability Limits (PAL)
Develop General Operating Permits
Shortening Permit Processing Time
Classify More significant Modifications as
Minor Modifications
• Like-kind Replacement of Equipment
• Minimize the number of appeals
41
IMPLEMENTATION
• General Permits (GPs & GOPs)
– Combined Heat & Power (Engines &
Turbines) – Available 9/19/11
– Emergency Generators GOP – in progress
• Pre-application Checklists – in progress
– Administrative & Technical Completeness
• Pre-application Meetings – on-going
– On-site if necessary
42
PERMIT PROCESS - LEAN
•
•
•
•
Produced results in manufacturing industry
Identified OP Sig. Mod. Process
Review Process Fairly Efficient Overall
Info Requests Throughout Rev. Process
– Due To Application Incompleteness
– Missing/Incomplete Info Identified Late in Review
Process
• Moving Completeness Review To Front of
Review Process Will Improve Efficiency
43
PILOT PROJECT
• Six-month Project (OP Sig. Mods initially)
• Pre-application Meetings
– On-site if necessary
• Completeness Checklists
–
–
–
–
–
Rule Applicability/Compliance Demonstrations
Process Description/Air Flow Diagram
Emission Calculations/Supporting Documentation
Need for Modeling/Risk Assessment
Level of Public Interest & Outreach
• Full Applicant Cooperation
44
Air Permitting/ Industrial
Stakeholders Group (AP/ISG)
• Open to anyone with an interest in AQ Permits.
• Composed primarily of DEP AQ permitting staff, DEP AQ
enforcement staff and representatives of regulated
industries, and other parties interested in Air Permitting
• The group meets quarterly to discuss ways of:
– promoting effective and consistent permits
– that are protective of the environment
– consider the concerns of the regulated community.
• Most recent meeting held on September 16, 2011
• Materials on past and future meeting can be found at
http://www.state.nj.us/dep/aqpp/isg.html
45