Transcript Unification of Italy and Germany

Unification of Italy and Germany
Compare/Contrast: Nationalism and Ethnocentrism
Il Risorgimento - Why these nicknames?
Camillo di Cavour
“The Brain”
Giuseppe Garibaldi
“The Sword”
Giuseppe Mazzini
“The Heart”
Italian Peninsula had not been unified since fall of
Roman Empire
• Most spoke same language, but peninsula divided into
competing states, each with own government
• Napoleon invaded Italy
– United many states under one government
– Unification did not last
– After Napoleon’s defeat, Congress of Vienna split Italian states
• Spirit of nationalism began to rise through Europe
Italian Unification was a combination of diplomatic
moves and wars orchestrated by Camillo Cavour the
Prime Minister of Sardinia.
Why does German unification begin with Prussia?
Otto von Bismarck – Architect of German
Unification
• As President of Prussia
1862–90, Bismarck
provoked wars that made
Prussia dominant over
Austria and France, and
aligned the smaller German
states behind Prussia.
• In 1867, he also became
Chancellor of the North
German Confederation.
Otto von Bismarck became
the first Chancellor of a
united Germany in 1871
and largely controlled its
affairs until he was removed
by Kaiser (Emperor)
Wilhelm II in 1890
Real Politik
• “The less people know about how
sausages and laws are made, the
better they’ll sleep at night.”
• Explain?
• “Not through speeches and
majority decisions will the great
questions of the day be decided,
but by blood and iron.”
• Explain?
• What is militarism?
• How did Bismarck embody
militarism?
• What does Bismarck’s militarism
suggest about his political beliefs?
• Real Politik:
realistic
assessment of a
nation’s needs
and then fulfilling
them.
• Ends justify the
means. Do what
is necessary, not
what is right or
moral
• How is real politik
similar/different
than Machiavelli?
Path to Unification- How does it begin? How does it
end?
• ZOLLVEREIN
– a customs union of
German states that
did not include
Austria.
– Removed tariffs
between German
states
• Fights three wars to
unify Germany and
Wins all three
– Danish War
– Austro Prussian
War
– Franco Prussian
War 1871 - most
important
Causes - Rivalry between France
and Prussia.
• The Ems Dispatch: Bismarck
angers France by releasing false
reports of insults towards the
French leader.
• Bismarck’s desire to unite
southern Catholics with northern
Lutherans
Results - Quick victory for Prussia
• German states unite under
William I (Wilhelm) of Prussia.
• French desire for revenge against
Prussia will be one of the causes
of WWI.
• Prussia takes the provinces of
Alsace and Lorraine from France
Assessment
• Write at least one multiple choice question
on Italian or German unification.
• Ask your neighbor your question and
answer theirs.