Transcript WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND POLICY IN INDIA …

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:
ACHIEVING COMPLIANCE
WITH MSW RULES
Mrs Almitra H Patel, MS MIT
Member, Supreme Court Committee
For Solid Waste Management
[email protected]
COMPLIANCE REQUIRES
ONLY ADMINISTRATIVE WILL !!!
Suryapet A P (pop. 1.03 lac) has Zero Waste
in the town or for ultimate disposal through
segregated door-to-door collection,
composting + vermi and dry waste sorting,
all with OWN staff.
SEPARATE lifting of inerts (drain silt, debris).
NO Govt funds, citizen payment or NGOs.
SJSRY program for collection + transport.
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A COMPLETE ROAD MAP IS
AVAILABLE SINCE 1999
It is in the Supreme Court Committee
Report on SWM in Class I Cities.
(I can give reprints in English or a Hindi
translation).
The MSW Rules 2000 are largely based
on this but apply to ALL ULBs (= pop.
over 20,000).
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OBJECTIVES OF SWM : 1
Keep waste off streets and drains !
Achieve a dustbin-free city through:
• Daily doorstep collection
• Of Wet waste, for
• Bio-stabilising (+compost/vermi)
• Preferably Decentralised, to
• Prevent pollution outside ULBs.
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TRANSPORT SAVINGS EASILY PAY FOR
DECENTRALISED BIO-BINS TO
BIOCULTURE-TREAT WET WASTES
Replace open waste-points or dumper-placers or
street dustbins with covered bio-bins. Can be
paid for by free advertising rights to sponsors.
Kochi has 2 bio-bins of 6’x3’x2.5’ high for every
100 households, served by Kudumbashree selfhelp groups: professional Waste Business.
Mumbai’s ALMs replaced street open dumps or
dumper-placers with bio-bins and pretty
plants. Biotreatment services by an NGO.
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OBJECTIVES OF SWM : 2
Separate Collection of Dry Waste
(recyclables), weekly or fortnightly, preferably
by Informal Sector. In each Ward, provide a
space for daily purchase of PET bottles and
other recyclables: cash counter for ragpickers.
Working well in Bombay, Bangalore.
Also keeps drains clean through dustbin adoption
and drain adoption by rag-pickers: Contact
Geetanjali Industries at [email protected]
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SEPARATE COLLECTION OF INERTS:
DRAIN SILT, ROAD DIGGINGS & DUST,
DEBRIS & CONSTRUCTION WASTE
USE productively: for plinth filling,
Improving road shoulders, embankments.
Hillside gully-plugging and check-dams to
prevent mud runoff into town drains.
Ravine-filling is safe and nuisance-free.
Reward informants of night-dumping.
Make architects accountable for disposal.
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OBJECTIVES OF SWM : 3
NO BURNING of garbage or leaves.
NO PESTICIDE USE on garbage (S.Court
Order 28.7.1997 in WP 888/96).
Try Bio-cultures to control odour and flies.
Phenyle etc kills natural bio-degraders.
Separate collection of garden waste,
(compost locally), tree trimmings (for
local fuelwood use) & dairy wastes (use as
bioculture for waste stabilising).
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HARDWARE REQUIRED :
SMALL TOWNS: Tractor-trailers for direct
door-to-door pick-up (e.g. Suryapet) but
TWIN COMPARTMENTS A MUST, if Wet &
Dry wastes are collected at the same time.
MEDIUM TOWNS: Tipper trucks stop along
roads (e.g. Nasik) to receive waste
directly from homes & shops for onward
transport to compost plant.
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HARDWARE FOR LARGE CITIES:
Door-to-door Primary Collection in handcarts,
tricycles or autorickshaws (e.g. Cochin), all with
liftable buckets/bins. Push-frames with secondhand barrels are cheaper than wheelbarrows.
Dumper placers are least preferred option:
Invites filth all around, covers missing.
Attracts cows, dogs, street waste-picking/spills.
Corpus Fund is a MUST for their costly repair
and replacement. (Paint inside & bottoms with
molten tar for corrosion resistance). Ditto for
Street Sweeping machines, or system collapses.
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MICRO-PLANNING REQUIRED :
Wardwise Parking Spaces for tools &
Primary Collection vehicles.
GOOD Scheduling & Time Managemt
for unloading Primary Collection vehicles
directly into secondary transport, to
avoid unloading any waste onto any
public space even briefly.
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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
DAILY Reporting, DAILY Analysis and
DAILY CORRECTIVE ACTION on:
SKs on duty
Vehicles on road, number & time of trips
Waste quantity collected, areawise. Paymt by
weight invites mixing of heavy inerts, stones.
Payment by volume is far better, saves cost.
When & Where Unloaded: on-site staff a must !
Chennai & Vizag are good models for MIS
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MODEL NOTIFICATIONS under
MSW Rules Sch II (3) :
“MERA AANGAN SAAF” for flood control
through spotless drains:
Every ground-floor occupier/owner (esp. in
commercial areas) must ensure cleanliness of
drain adjoining their property, including upto
centre of road. Also service lanes if any.
Polluter Pays charges for all Trade waste
(hotels, hostels, shaadi baghs, shops, offices,
banks, colleges, dairies) at SWM Cost (Indexed)
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KEEP CONSTRUCTION WASTE
OFF THE ROADS
Notify monthly collection drives: e.g. Ward 1 every
1st of the month…
Collect SEPARATELY surplus Sand, Stone, Bricks
found on roads on that date without special
permission, and stock for repair of schools etc.
Sand must always be contained in a ring of bricks
to prevent vehicles spreading / spilling it into
drains.
All raw mtl must be INSIDE plot after first
centering is removed, otherwise daily “cleaning
charges”.
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TAKE-BACK RULES FOR HAZ WASTE
Tubelights and fluorescents are worst.
Sellers must take back for safe disposal.
Also for those purchased for streetlights.
Compulsory take-back by sellers or
distributors of aerosol cans, esp of
insecticides and pesticides.
How can cities exercise such powers?
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MONTHLY COLLECTION OF
DOMESTIC HAZARDOUS WASTES
Notify fixed day of month for pickup of
Button Cells from shops for cameras,
cell-phones, electricals, watches.
Batteries drop-off at convenient stores. If
no safe recycling, can immobilise in
concrete block-making plants.
Enforce Biomed Rules. Collect Sharps
from clinics on notified schedule.
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NOTIFY & ENFORCE BUFFER ZONE
AROUND WASTE PROCESSING SITES
Approved sites are precious as resistance to
sites outside city limits is very strong.
Involve locals in an Advisory Committee from
Day One and keep them informed.
Host Village MUST BENEFIT collectively: give
roads, buses, more power or water,
school/hospital; transit toll per garbage truck?
Give 1 ton free compost per head per year or
season to ensure good quality is produced
without objections. REMOVE REJECTS !!
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NO WASTE TO ENERGY SCHEMES !
SAARC’s Dhaka Declaration 2004 has
resolved that burn technologies shall not
be an option for urban solid waste.
Supreme Court has frozen further funding
for WTE in view of massive failures.
Only SMALL biometh use on-site succeeds.
Rajasthan needs to conserve ALL of its
precious biomass thru Stabilisation.
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WHY NO RDF WASTE-TO-ENERGY ?
UNVIABLE: Our Indian waste has only 800-1000
kcal/kg, vs ~3600 reqd. Energy is lost in
evaporating moisture, heating large ash &
sand content, so no surplus energy available.
So Hyd & Vijayawada use 90% paddy-husk,
while municipal waste, accepted to get subsidy,
piles up in stinking heaps around both plants.
DANGEROUS: RDF from mixed Indian waste
produces Dioxin on burning : from PVC in film,
packaging, labels, bottle caps, vinyl, tubes.
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WHAT ABOUT BIOMETHANATION?
IMPOSSIBLE WITH HIGH INERTS. Can’t
run a gobar-gas plant on 45% mud !
Never consider unless a city has 12month record of separate collection and
max 5-10% drain silt, road sweepings.
SUCCESSFUL ON MICRO SCALE where
biogas from canteen waste is used onsite in kitchen, not for power (max 30%
efficiency of converting heat to power).
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COMPOSTING SAVES ENERGY TOO
Urea production needs both costly naptha and
factory power to produce it.
City compost use can save 50% of normal urea
dose, and gives ~15% higher yield with
~30% less water need and less pesticides.
But demand is v seasonal.
“Biological processing for stabilisation of
[biodegradable] wastes” is mandatory.
Sieving it to sell as compost is not a must.
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BIOSTABILISED URBAN WASTE CAN
WORK WONDERS FOR RAJASTHAN :
Use it to vegetate & stabilise moving sanddunes, for wind-breaks and erosion control,
and mandatory revegetation of mining spoils.
Improve fertility & productivity of sandy soil.
Retain soil moisture and reduce irrigation water
needs and fights over water.
Let India’s most popular Tourist State become
also India’s first Model State for cleanliness.
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DO NOT WAIT
FOR PERFECT SOLUTIONS!
STOP landfilling of mixed waste at once!
Stop ’dozing & levelling untreated wastes.
In the same spot, unload waste in rows,
use JCB to form wind-rows (long heaps)
and spray with composting bio-cultures
or inoculums. This reduces volume fast,
controls odour and flies, and offensive
leachate formation.
Heap gets very warm, this kills pathogens.
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IMPROVE EXISTING DUMPS/’LANDFILLS’
The idea is to keep rainwater out and prevent it
percolating through waste.
Shape the area into a smooth convex pile with
very gentle slope. No depressions where water
can collect and seep in.
On sloping ground, have a diversion trench uphill
(like army tents) to keep out water.
On lower side, have a collection trench and pit to
collect runoff. RECIRCULATE LEACHATE onto
the warm heap, to get clean water vapour.
Solids are left behind in the stabilised waste.
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