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ICT Electricity Use
- Mapping it
- Reducing it
Chris Cartledge
Independent consultant
[email protected]
Summary
• Electricity costs high and increasing
• ICT uses a lot of electricity
• a Real Cost to your Organisation
• Estimate the Footprint
• baseline for cost savings
• Plan reduced costs
• save money, reduce CO2 output
• Some Sheffield outcomes
2 September 2008
Electricity is expensive
• University of Sheffield bill nearly £5M
• £800 per employee
• increasing by about 20% this year
• IT electricity is significant
• even if it is not your budget
• it is a Real Cost to the Organisation
• we should ALL be working to minimise it
• We do need to do the sums
2 September 2008
Official
information
helps
awareness
• Leaving a computer on
overnight for a year
creates enough CO2 to
fill a double-decker
bus
2 September 2008
But more is
needed...
• A photocopier left on
standby overnight
wastes enough energy
to make 30 cups of tea
2 September 2008
Old posters
more readable
and still
available
2 September 2008
Cost
• Electricity
• 10p per unit (per kilowatt hour)
• perhaps plus VAT (5%)?
• perhaps plus climate change levy?
• increasing, so say 12p per unit
• Air-conditioning
• in a cooled space 18p per unit
2 September 2008
Cost per year
• Much equipment is run all year
• for 365*24 = 8,760 hours
• nearly 10,000 hours
• 1 watt of equipment for 10,000 hours
• uses 10,000 watt hours
• which is 10 kilowatt hours (units)
• which costs about £1.20
• or air-conditioned, about £1.80
2 September 2008
Your Business Footprint
• Tool and guidance to help
• Get list of devices and power use
• Get time switched on
• Multiply power by time to get consumption
• Sum over all the devices
• Result will be approximate!
2 September 2008
People need to be involved!
• Local information needed for ROI
• to measure progress
• Getting numbers not always easy
• tool provides typical values
• People need to be involved
• Do not strive for too much precision...
• Point is to change practice
2 September 2008
Getting list of devices
• Inventory
• Purchasing records
• Insurance records
• Network information
• DNS tables/ Printer tool (Jetadmin)
• Survey
• Questionnaire/ Visits
2 September 2008
Power Use
• Manufacturer's figures,
where they exist
• Measure devices
• instantaneously
• or over a period
• Use meter readings
• Remember aircon,
UPS
2 September 2008
Keep it simple: At Sheffield
No allowance for:
• manufacture, disposal, consumables
• franking machines, money counters, laminating
machines, lab equipment, etc.
• outsourced printing work
• equipment in NHS and commercial units
• PCs and printers in student bedrooms
• portable PCs brought onto campus
2 September 2008
Time switched on
• Most devices mostly idle
• Survey (a sample)
• For PCs activity monitors software
• Monitor equipment
• Count pages (for printers)
• Monitor room use (for AV)
2 September 2008
University of Sheffield
• PCs dominate!
• Nearly
£1M/year
• About 20% of
toral electricity
use
• Ignoring HPC
2 September 2008
PCs
Servers
Imaging
AV
Telephony
Networks
Typical Item – PC
• Uses (with monitor) ~ 100w
• On all day, £120 electricity per year
• Over five years, more than capital
• In use for 40 hours (out of 168)
• Power down when idle saves 75%
• Energy efficient PCs save 50%
• Sheffield doing both...
• Thin client?
2 September 2008
Typical item – server
• 1u Dell 1950, 2 Intel X5355, 8 cores
• Capital cost £4000 (inc VAT)
• 18 watts (standby) “off”
• 227 watts idle, 310 watts intense
• In a machine room ~£600 p/a
• Electricity over a 5 year life £3,000
• More efficient servers save 20%
• Sheffield specifies low power processors
2 September 2008
Printing strategy
• Practice differs:
• 1 printer per senior member of staff
• Shared printers for all
• Ratio perhaps from 1 laser printer: 2 staff to
1:5
• With 6,000 staff a policy change could save
1,000 printers, £10,000 p/a
• Better might be a “No Print” strategy
2 September 2008
Typical items - phone
• Avaya digital phone
• 1,000 phones from one 1kw cabinet
• Less than 2 watt/phone, £2 per year
• Cisco IP phone
• 5 watts per phone
• 3 watts per ethernet port (unless shared)
• 8 watts total, £8 per year
• Sheffield has about 10,000 phones!
• has not gone all IP telephony..
2 September 2008
High Performance
Computing
• Expensive
• Not for everybody
HPC
• Sheffield not big, but
growing...
Servers
• Already 14%
Telephony
• Efficient servers
• Campus grid?
2 September 2008
PCs
Imaging
AV
Networks
Figures
kWh/y
%tage
Without HPC
HPC
1,208,617
14%
PCs
4,164,477
48%
56%
Servers
1,520,736
18%
20%
Imaging
835,659
10%
11%
Networks
687,362
8%
9%
Telephony
202,356
2%
3%
61,598
1%
1%
AV
Total
2 September 2008
8,680,806
Costing Purchases at
Sheffield
• Capital cost
• + maintenance and support
• + electricity over lifetime
• even though it is not ITC budget
• it is a real cost to the organisation
• Extra capital to save electricity?
• rebate from bill payer?
2 September 2008
Some Sheffield Savings
• More efficient PCs should save
• ~£200,000 p/a
• Automated switch off
• about 23% of PCs saving ~£50,000p/a
• declining with new PCs to ~£25,000
• HPC – High Efficiency processors
• 60 nodes saving ~£3200p/a
• Increasing: electricity up 20%
2 September 2008
The future
• We must press suppliers!
• energy efficient equipment should not
command a premium
• suppliers will only change if the market
requires it!
2 September 2008