Transcript Date_____ Page____ Title: Europeans Claim Muslim Lands

Date_____
Page____
Title: Europeans Claim Muslim
Lands
Warmup: What do you remember about
the Ottoman Empire? Write down at
least five facts.
Review of the Ottoman
Empire
•1453 – Ottomans surround
Byzantine capital of
Constantinople and rename it
Istanbul; becomes capital of
Muslim empire
•At its peak, the Ottoman
empire reached across three
continents, from southeastern
Europe through the Middle
East and North Africa
•Golden Age occurred under
Suleiman the Magnificent
(also known for his system of
laws)
What happened between 1699, when the Ottoman
Empire was at its peak, and 1914?
Shade your map two colors, one for the former
Ottoman lands and one for the Ottoman Empire in
1914.
The Breakup of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire in 1699
Ottoman Empire in 1914
The Breakup of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire in 1699
Ottoman Empire in 1914
Ottoman Empire
Loses Power
•After Suleiman’s
death in 1566, he was
followed by a
succession of weak
sultans.
•Government divided
into factions
•Suffered financial loss
•Nationalist feelings
began to stir among
Ottomans’ subject
peoples
Selim III, failed ruler of the Ottoman Empire
from 1789-1807.
Europeans Grab Territory
•Geopolitics – interest in taking land for its strategic location of products
•Ottoman Empire’s strategic location: access to Mediterranean and Atlantic
sea trade
•Russia waged war against Ottomans for passage of grain exports across
Black Sea and into the Mediterranean
•Crimean War – Russia vs. Britain, France, and Ottomans – Russia loses
•War exposes Ottoman Empire’s military weakness – with aid from Russia, the
Slavic people in the Balkans rebel – Ottomans lose control of Romania,
Montenegro, Cyprus, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Bulgaria, and land in Africa
Egypt Initiates
Reforms
•Egypt initiated political and
social reforms to block
European domination of its
land
•Modernization came as a
result of the interest in the
area created by the French
occupation
•Egypt’s location along Red
Sea is valuable to France
and Britain. Napoleon failed
to win Egypt and new leader,
Muhammad Ali (NOT the
boxer…), emerged
•Shifted Egyptian
agriculture to a plantation
cash crop – cotton
The Suez Canal
•Muhammad’s grandson, Isma’il,
supported construction of the
Suez Canal.
•Human-made waterway that cut
through the Isthmus of Suez and
connected the Red Sea to the
Mediterranean
•Built mainly with French money
from private interest groups, using
Egyptian labor
•Opened in 1869
•Expensive modernization efforts,
however, put Egypt into a great
deal of debt and in 1882 the
British occupied Egypt and the
canal
Chronological Map of the Suez Canal’s
History
•Use the reading to create a chronological map of the
history of the Suez Canal. Then, write a mini-essay that
answers the following question, using the Suez Canal as
your waterway:
Discuss how the usage or control of waterways has had
economic effects and/or political effects on societies
(Global History Regents DBQ, August 2009)