Transcript Biology- The Study of Life
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Biology
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The Study of Life
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A. What is the Value of Biology?
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It enables us to live longer healthier lives It helps us to understand how we live It allows us to better understand our place in the web of life It will help humans to survive in the future
B. Biological Organization
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Biosphere:
all the parts of the earth that are inhabited by living things
Ecosystem :
community of living things and the non living environment
Communities and Populations
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Community
: the living things (producers, consumers and decomposers) within an ecosystem
Populations
: members of an individual species within a population.
Organisms and Organ Systems
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Organism
: an individual living thing
Organ system
: group of organs a working together to perform a vital body function
Organs and Tissues
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Organ
: Unit consisting of several tissues that together performs a specific task
Tissue
: Group of cells that perform a specific functions
Cells and Organelles
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Cells
: the basic unit of structure and function in living things
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Organelles
: part of a cell with a specific function
Molecules and Atoms
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Molecules
: two or more atoms that have chemically combined
a) b) DNA
is a molecule that is responsible for inheritance
Genes
are specific lengths of DNA that contain inherited information 12.
Atoms:
of matter smallest units
C. Classifying Life
Domain (Largest) Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species (Smallest)
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D. Domains of Life (3)
Archaea
: Unicellular (1 cell), prokaryotes (no nucleus.) Chemotrophs, Halophiles and Thermophiles. Genetically similar to eukaryotes.
Bacteria
: Unicellular, prokaryotic
Eukarya
: have cells with nuclei and membrane bound organelles. Most are multicellular (many cells.)
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E. 10 Major Biological Themes
Biological Systems-
Cells, tissues, systems, organisms and populations are interconnected and constantly affect each other.
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Cells
- All living things are made of one or more cells
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Form and Function-
Biological structures are designed to their function. I.e. Red blood cells are round. Nerve cells are long and branched.
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Living Things Reproduce-
Genetic material is passed from parent to offspring
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Major Biological Themes
Interaction with the Environment-
materials are constantly cycled between living things and their environment
Energy
- The ability to do work. All living things require energy. Energy enters the biosphere as light and is captured by photosynthetic organisms called producers. Energy is then transferred to consumers and finally leaves as heat
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Regulation
- Living things are capable of maintaining homeostasis - regulation of internal environment. I.e. Body temperature
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Adaptation & Evolution
a) b) Adaptations are characteristics that help an organism survive. I.e. Camouflage. Evolution is driven by natural selection : Organisms who are well suited to their environment live longer and have more offspring than organisms who are not as well adapted
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Biology and Society –
Biology is changing the lives of humans.
10. Scientific Inquiry
Science is a process Science is a means of testing a hypothesis to determine truth True science is designing experiments to better understand our world IT IS NOT THE REGURGITATION OF FACTOIDAL SPEW!
Science is under constant review and revision
SCIENCE
is not the affirmation of a set of beliefs, but a
PROCESS OF INQUIRY
aimed at building a testable body of knowledge open to rejection or confirmation. In science, knowledge is fluid and certainty is fleeting.