The Plant Kingdom

Chapter 5:1,2,3,4 Seed Plants Part 1 of 2

Characteristics of All Seed Plants

 Vascular tissue   Xylem Phloem  Use Pollen and seeds to reproduce

Vascular tissue

 Functions to provide support for the plant to grow tall and to help transport food, water and nutrients throughout the plant

Vascular Tissue

 Xylem  Water and minerals go UP from the roots to the stems and leaves  Phloem  Moves food, made from photosynthesis

Pollen and Seeds

 Pollen:  carries sperm cells to the eggs  Seeds: contains a young plant inside a protective covering

Seed Structure

 3 Main parts   Seed coat – protects the embryo for a long time Embryo – baby plant  Stored food (cotyledon)

Structure of a Seed: Monocot vs Dicot

How are seeds dispersed?

Dispersal is the scattering of seeds by:     Wind Water Animal Ejection by the plant

Germination

 When the embryo begins to grow out of the seed  The seed must first absorb water from the environment

Roots

 3 main functions  Anchor plants to the ground   Absorb water and nutrients from the soil Store food (that we sometimes eat)   Carrots, onions, parsnips, Beets, potatoes, radishes

Types of Roots

 Tap root  One long, thick main root with smaller branch roots  Fibrous root  Many similar sized roots in a dense mass

Root Structures

 Root hairs  Increase absorptive area  Vascular system  Xylem and phloem  Root Cap  Protects root as it grows through dirt

What has to happen for germination to occur?

roots?

What do root hairs do?

What does the root cap do?

Stems

 Functions  Transportation  Provides support for plant and holds leaves up  Some store food Rhubarb, broccoli, asparagus, celery

Types of Stems

 Herbaceous  Soft stems that contain no wood  flowers  Woody  Hard, rigid stems that contain several layers (bark, living phloem, cambium, xylem  trees

Stem structures

Annual Rings

  Made of xylem Light and dark rings represent 1 year together

Leaves

 Function  Carry out photosynthesis  Some store food

Structures of the leaf

 Cuticle – waterproof covering to protect from water loss (transpiration)  Stomata for gas exchange  Chloroplasts for photosynthesis  Vascular system