Vocabulary Review

Ch 28 – Plant Evolution and Classification

A waxy or fatty and watertight layer on the external wall of epidermal cells

Cuticle

A reproductive cell or multicellular structure that is resistant to environmental conditions and that can develop into an adult without fusion with another cell

Spore

A plant embryo that is enclosed in a protective coat

Seed

The specialized conducting tissue that is found in higher plants and that is made up mostly of xylem and phloem

Vascular tissue

The type of tissue in vascular plants that provides support and conducts water and nutrients from the roots

Xylem

In vascular plants, the tissue that carries organic and inorganic nutrients in any direction, depending on the plant’s needs

Phloem

The three groups of plants (liverworts, hornworts, and mosses) that lack specialized conducting tissues and true roots, stems, and leaves

Nonvascular plant

A plant that has true roots, stems, and leaves and a vascular system composed of xylem and phloem which are specialized tissues that conduct materials from one part of the plant to another

Vascular plant

A plant that produces seeds

Seed plant

A woody, vascular seed plant whose seeds are not enclosed by an ovary or fruit

Gymnosperm

A flowering plant that produces seeds within a fruit

Angiosperm

In plants and algae that have alternation of generations, the diploid individual or generation that produces haploid spores

Sporophyte

In alternation of generations, the phase in which gametes are formed; a haploid individual that produces gametes

Gametophyte

The alternation of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction in certain plants and animals

Alternation of generations

A plant that has no vascular tissue and absorbs nutrients and water from the soil through root-like hairs; examples include mosses and liverworts

Bryophyte

A member of the phylum Hepatophyta, a unique group of bryophytes that grow close to the ground in moist, shady areas and that are characterized by unique structures on the gametophytes

Liverwort

A member of the phylum Anthocerophyta, a unique group of bryophytes that grow close to the ground in moist, shady areas and that are characterized by long, thin, photosynthetic sporophytes

Hornwort

A cone-like structure of sporangia-bearing leaves

Strobilus

A horizontal, underground stem that provides a mechanism for asexual reproduction

Rhizome

The tightly coiled new leaves of a fern

Fiddlehead

The leaf of a fern or palm

Frond

To begin to grow from an embryo into a mature form

Germinate

A young plant grown from a seed

Seedling

In plants, a seed bearing structure; in animals, a photoreceptor within the retina sensitive to bright light

Cone

A tree that sheds and regrows its leaves in response to seasonal changes

Deciduous

In the female reproductive system of animals, an organ that produces eggs; in flowering plants, the lower part of a pistil that produces eggs in ovules

Ovary

The embryonic leaf of a seed

Cotyledon

A monocotyledonous plant; a plant that produces seeds that have only one cotyledon

Monocot

A dicotyledonous plant; an angiosperm that has two cotyledons, net venation, and flower parts in groups of four or five

Dicot

In plants, a bundle of vascular tissue that transports fluids and nutrients; in animals, a vessel that carries blood to the heart

Vein

A parallel arrangement of veins; typical of the leaves of monocots

Parallel venation

A nonparallel, branching network of veins that is typical of the leaves of dicots

Net venation