Transcript Gender Equality Action Assembly Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, 19

World Urban Forum
Gender Equality Action Assembly
Rio De Janeiro, Brazil,
19 – 20 March, 2010
“Bridging the Gender Divide in Cities”
Yusto Paradius Muchuruza
Executive Director-KADETFU -Tanzania
[email protected]
www.kadetfu.or.tz
PRESENTATION ON HOW TO BRIDGE THE
URBAN DIVIDE THROUGH
THE SANITATION MICRO CREDIT FOR WOMEN
INTRODUCTION
Urban areas are characterized by poor access
to water and sanitation facilities.
Most of households have no sanitary facilities,
(no toilets, poor sewer systems, septic tanks,
pit latrines;) and those with, are very pathetic
and unhygienic which instead, cause health
hazards especially during rain seasons. Women
and children are most affected by such
situation.
Sanitation situation in the area
According to the sanitation profile assessment
by KADETFU (2009) in Muleba, Mutukula and
Bukoba Towns – Tanzania; the sanitation
situation is worse (i.e. only 24% of urban
households with improved toilets)
The Household survey by ELCT/NWD-PHC
Programme (2009) in rural villages of Kagera
Region; show a big percentage of 80% without
hygienic toilet facilities.
TOWN
Toilet situation in Urban areas of Kagera
Region – Tanzania
No. of
HH
visited
MUTUKULA
No.
1489
1224
693
TOTAL
3406
% of total
HH visited
100
BUKOBA
MULEBA
No. of HH
with
improved
toilets
No. %
487 33
238 19
94
14
819
24
24
No. of HH
No. of HH
with
without toilets
poor/weak
toilets
No.
%
No.
%
787
53
216
14
455
37
527
44
283
41
316
46
1525
45
45
Source: KADETTFU 2009 (Rapid Sanitation Profile Assessment )
1059
31
31
Toilet situation in Urban areas (%)
Toilet situation in Rural areas of
Kagera Region – Tanzania
Source: ELCT/NWD - PHC (Household Survey) 2009
Factors attributing to poor condition of
toilets:
Poverty (Low economic base) i.e. low
income at family level.

Lack of health and hygiene education
among the people

Laxity, Negligence and Less priority given
to sanitation among some people (especially
men) who, in reality are not poor.
(they build expensive houses but toilets are
not their priority).

(Source: ELCT-PHC programme 2009 and KADETFU 2009)
Definition on Sanitation Micro-credit
Revolving Fund Scheme
Sanitation Micro-credit Revolving Fund
Scheme is a strategy for bringing about
transformation and improved delivery system
for sanitation services in the urbanizing
communities settled around Lake Victoria and
beyond.

 The
driving force for this strategy is “Social
Marketing” that creates “Social/Sanitation
Demand” for services.
The project provides sanitary
facilities to the Female Headed
Households utilizing Micro-credit
Revolving Fund Scheme; through a
“Social Marketing Approach”
(SMA).
Social/Sanitation Demand
Social/Sanitation demand is defined as
an aggregate choice of individual
households to pay for and install home
sanitation facilities
The “Demand” in this aspect is created
when CONSUMERS are MOTIVATED,
have OPPORTUNITY and ABILITY to
purchase a sanitation technology which
suits their needs.
Consumers refers to those households
seeking to solve their own sanitation
problems, make their own decisions and
choices and like consumers everywhere
have their different preferences, resources,
values, priorities and circumstances.
Motivation creates curiosity for adoption
of improved sanitation facilities and
is normally attributed to the immediate and
direct benefits of increased convenience,
comfort, cleanliness, privacy, safety, and
prestige offered by home sanitation.
Opportunity refers to access to good
sanitation product information and credible
service supply chains.
Ability refers to the resources the
consumers are willing to forego to make
use of opportunities that improve their
home sanitation facilities.
It is an opportunity cost of foregoing some
other utilities for the sake of constructing a
toilet facility.
However; Contrary to “ABILITY” is
“LAXITY”
THE DEMAND-FORCE MODEL
Sanitation
Technology
Why targeting women
The programme use women as an entry
point to the community because in most
cultures, women have the primary
responsibility for water, sanitation and
hygiene at the household level.
For them, sanitation means more than just
latrines; they want safe private places with
sufficient water for personal use and for the
family.
Why women.........
Additionally, women are prone to reproductive
tract infections caused by poor sanitation due to
their biological made. Unhygienic public toilets and
latrines threaten their health and that of their
children
Also, studies show that, while men are negligent
on sanitation issues, women are prudent of the
same, but due to patriarch system in the family,
they have no decision on resource utilization.
Why women…………
Women play a crucial role in influencing the
hygiene behaviors of young children.
The effective use of sanitation facilities in
urban areas therefore, depend on the
involvement of both women and men in
selecting the location and technology of
such facilities
SOCIAL MARKETING)
Social Marketing is a useful approach of
convincing people to adopt practices and
change behaviours that will improve their
lives, both health wise and economically.
Social marketing that has been successfully
used in many sectors; is based on a holistic
concept of management which necessitates
a change in the supply sector, attitude and
consumer behavior
Social marketing …..
Social marketing considers people as
customers rather than beneficiaries, and
focuses on processes that empower the
customer to make informed choices.
In a common marketing scenario, social
marketing acts as a process of advertisement
of social commodities i.e. service and
facilities.
Within the sanitation sector, such processes
include awareness building and careful
consideration of issues such as health and
hygiene, convenience and human dignity,
productivity and economic gain – be it
through savings or improved earning
potential – and matching them with viable
technical solutions.
(Anna K. Tibaijuka; Executive Director-UN-HABITAT)
Successful Marketing can:
- ensure that supply is adapted to people’s
preferences and their willingness to pay.
- enhance long term financial sustainability.
- at large scale can be cost effective in the
long run as demand and investments increase.
- encourage women to get hold of men on
sanitation decisions since the former are
already motivated.
The Sanitation Microcredit project in East
Africa.
- is being implemented in three countries of East
Africa.
- marketing therefore has taken roots, as many
women, even those from able families, wants to
join.
-the demand is high especially from women , even
beyond the targeted area, need for expansion.
(women are therefore change agents, they can
bridge gender divide)
THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES include:
Provision of household toilet facilities to poor
FHH through Micro credit/revolving fund scheme,
Promotion of innovative and affordable
technologies in provision of sanitation facilities at
household level, Promotion of Hygiene and Health
messages to communities by encouraging poor
women to take health action for themselves and
others, Encouragement of poor FHH to work
together in solidarity/self help groups.
Sanitation Microcredit implementation model
Funding Agent
LOCAL
PARTNER
MULTSTAKEHOLDERS
FORUM (MSF)
TOILET
MFI
SOLIDARITY
GROUP/CBO
UN-HABITAT Achievements in sanitation micro
credit as at 15 January 2010
Kenya
Uganda
Tanzania
Nigeria
Total
Registered
Solidarity Groups
118
100
162
125
Individual
registered
476
115
810
618 2019
Completed Micro
credit sanitation
facilities
72
50
56
77
255
Persons saving for
sanitation
facilities
250
85
810
70
1215
People who
started payment
10
15
-
62
87
505
Recommendations:
Sanitation is a human right
Governments, (Policy makers) should ensure
that policies, political and legislative frameworks
are in place to ensure that right is reached.
Governments have an obligation to respect,
protect and fulfill this right, using the maximum
of available resources to progressively realize it.
Sanitation is a gender issue
 Urban
aouthorities must ensure urban
social service planning is gender based
and oriented.
 Priority actions should include:
Government to Review laws, policies,
strategies and financing to ensure that
sanitation is given sufficient priority, is
treated as a right and that regulation is
appropriate.
Inclusive cities are gendered
 Inclusive
cities are made of both
women and men. Lack of one, they are
in-habitable
 Thefeore; social
services in cities must
base on both sexes.
Conclusion:
Women hold the key to the continued
sanitary operation of units and their benefits
to the family health.
Women therefore merit special attention
during the planning of sanitation projects to
make sure that the facilities are planned with
full awareness of their perceptions and needs
(Perret, 1985).
Conclusion……
Sanitation Micro-credit revolving
fund scheme for the Female Headed
Households, through a Social
marketing approach that involves
both women and men; can BRIDGE
THE GENDER DIVIDE in URBAN AREAS
Thank you for your listening
Hasante sana