Monarchy in England

Main Idea

• In contrast to the absolute monarchies of Spain and France, the

English monarchy

was limited by

Parliament

• Following a civil war, Parliament became even more powerful.

The Tudors and Parliament

• Henry VIII (Brad Pitt) and his daughter Elizabeth I were members of the Tudor Dynasty • This was during Absolutism in England.

• However, Parliament placed curbs on absolute monarchy.

Henry VIII and Parliament

• created the Church of England (Protestant) so he could divorce his first wife (Catherine of Aragon). • teamed up with Parliament to convert England to Protestantism. • Act of Supremacy(1534)-named the king the head of the Church of England

KING HENRY VIII

Henry’s Daughters— Bloody Mary & Elizabeth

• Henry ’ s daughter

Mary returned England to Catholicism

• Elizabeth re-established the

Church of England

•

Worked well with Parliament

, but insisted on her

divine right

.

• People started to question the monarchy.

QUEEN ELIZABETH

Review

• What was the English monarchy limited by?

• Of which dynasty were Henry VIII and his daughter Elizabeth I were members ?

• Did Henry VIII and Elizabeth have a good relationship with Parliament?

• What church did Elizabeth return England to? (hint: her father’s church)

The Stuarts of Scotland and Parliament

• Stuarts of Scotland dynasty after Tudor ’ s • King James I – – clashed with Parliament over • divine right • war spending • fact that he was from Scotland

James I of Scotland

The Puritans

• As Parliament increased its influence, the Puritans made themselves known.

Puritans

-group of strict Calvinists who demanded reforms in the Church of England (purify the Church) • King James refused to pass most Puritan requests for reform (threat to his power) • He did agree to the publication of an English version of the Bible (King James Bible)

Charles I Defies Parliament

• Son of James I • Lost popularity for

marrying Catholic

princess and involving England in military ventures overseas • 1628- requested money from Parliament, they refused unless he signed the Petition of Right.

• • This limited king ’ s power and was a direct challenge to the MONARCHY.

Dismisses Parliament

& absolute monarchy in 1629 due to disputes over money

Review

• Who were the 2 leaders of the Stuarts of Scotland?

• Why did King James refuse to pass most Puritan requests for reform?

• What did the Petition of Right do? (document that Parliament forced Charles I to sign)

The English Civil War 1642-1651

• 1640 Charles I had to reconvene Parliament to ask for more money • Long Parliament-took a looooong time to decide in the end, Parliament further limited king ’ s power • Charles agreed to Parliament ’ s demands, but secretly planned to overturn them.

War With Parliament

• 1642 Charles interrupted Parliament in session to arrest a radical Puritan group • Men fled, but Charles’s plan was revealed • Some members of Parliament decided to rise up against King Charles I • English Civil War began (1642)

English Civil War

• Royalists—supporters of the King • Roundheads—supporters of Parliament (rebels)

Oliver Cromwell

• Roundhead leader and general who forced the king ’ s surrender in 1646 • Dismissed Parliament members who supported the King (Rump Parliament left over) • Rump Parliament tried and executed Charles I on January 30, 1649 • Charles I was 1st European monarch killed by his own people

Oliver Cromwell

Review:

• What did the disputes between Charles I and Parliament lead to?

• Who forced the King ’ s surrender in 1646?

• What was Charles I the 1st European monarch to have happen to him?

Turn to Page 150

• Read and interpret the political cartoon of Oliver Cromwell.

• How is he portrayed?

• Who might be depicting him this way, and why?

England under Cromwell

• House of Commons abolished House of Lords and England became a COMMONWEALTH: – Republican government based on the common good of all people • However: Cromwell ruled as Lord Protector – dismissed Parliament – closed theaters •

Shakespeare



Thomas Hobbes

• Conditions during the English Civil War inspired philosopher to write LEVIATHAN.

• Described humans as being natural selfish and fearful. • Humans need a powerful STRONG KING.

• Life is “solitary, brutish, poor, nasty, & short.”

The Monarchy Returns

• • Cromwell died

Restoration

brought Charles II to power • Supported religious toleration, reopened theaters, passed Habeus Corpus Act • James II-Charles’s son who was unpopular because he was Catholic

Glorious Revolution

• 1688 Parliament ask James II ’ s daughter and her husband,

William & Mary,

to take the throne • Bloodless revolution • Parliament made

William and Mary

to a new English Bill of Rights agree • England now a

constitutional monarchy

, – a monarchy limited by law

William and Mary

Review

• What was England like under Cromwell?

• When Cromwell died, which movement brought back the monarchy?

• Which couple took the throne after the Glorious Revolution?