Transcript Tobacco and your body

Tobacco
and your body
Glencoe, Chapter 24
Short Term Effects of Smoking

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Usually think of
marijuana, cocaine or
over the counter drugs
we use when sick as
Drugs
The truth is that most
common and widely
used drugs in US are
ones responsible for
most illnesses, injuries,
and deaths=tobacco &
alcohol
Drug Use
 Nicotine
levels
increased more
than 1% per
year in major
cigarette
brands from
1998-2005
Why Do People
Do This?
*Addiction to a
powerful
psychoactive
drug: Nicotine
*Many
researchers
consider nicotine
the most
physically
addictive of all
the psychoactive
drugs

What is in a Cigarette?
◦ Nicotine: the addictive DRUG
◦ Tar: black and sticky; sticks to
lungs
◦ Carcinogens: ANYTHING that
causes cancer
◦ Carbon Monoxide: CO1; an allergen
Lesson 1: Tobacco Use
A High Risk Behavior
Tobacco as Insect Repellant

Tobacco Use
Practice
gains
acceptance
as a social
practice
*Sign of
sophisticati
on
*
*Pro
smoking attitudes
formed during
childhood
*1/3 of children in US
age 9 have taken at
least on experimental
“puff”
*Median age to
experiment with
regular cigarettes is
around 15 years
*Tobacco industry has
experimented with
“flavored” cigarettes
to catch this
population
Chewing Tobacco
What's
really in
it for
you?
http://youtu.be/vkp9DTPA_lk
The harm dip does to the mouth…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkp9DTPA_lk
...is it worth it?
Changing Attitudes
As society
changes from
fear of dangers
 Industry
introduces “light”
or supposedly
safe brands
 Illusion of safety

Proportions of cancer cases
associated with smoking
Lung Cancer
87%
Esophageal
cancer
75%
Bladder cancer
30-40%
Pancreatic
cancer
30%
Globally 3 million people die per year as
direct result of tobacco products
 435,000 of these live in US
 Tobacco related illness consumes 60% of
annual expenditure for health care
 1 in every 5 deaths =smoking–related
illness(doesn’t include 2nd hand smoke)

The Costs of Tobacco Addiction
Cause of Death
% of Deaths from
Total # of Annual
this Disease
Deaths from this
Related to Smoking condition Induced
by smoking
Lung Cancer
28%
120,000/ yr
Coronary artery
disease
23%
98,990/yr
Chronic lung disease
other than cancer
17%
73,100/yr.
Other forms of cancer 7%
30,100/yr.
Strokes
6%
25,800/yr.
All other forms of
illness
19%
81,700/yr
Causes of Annual Smoking Related
Deaths in the US
Diseases of the Respiratory and
Circulatory System
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Chronic Bronchitis
COPD
(chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease)
Emphysema
Lung Cancer
Hypertension
Heart Disease
Dangers of Smoking
Each cigarette
takes
11 minutes off
your life
 Men=13 years
 Women=15 years

Smoking
is the
leading
cause of
Preventab
le death in
the US
Toward a Smoke Free Society
“We need to stop thinking
of youth problems as the
principal barrier to youth
development, and start
thinking of youth
development as the most
effective strategy for
preventing youth
problems.”
The National Assembly. Building Resiliency: What Works; A
Community Guide to Preventing Alcohol & Other Drug Abuse
Through Positive Youth Development. Washington, D.C. 1994: p. 12
Alcohol and your body
Glencoe, Chapter 25
Radford College "Facts on Alcohol"

Ethanol: the addictive drug in alcohol

Fermentation: chemical action of yeast on
sugars
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Intoxication: physical and mental
impairment resulting from use of alcohol
Lesson 1: Alcohol Use
A High Risk Behavior
What it does...
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Central Nervous
System
Liver
Blood Vessels
Heart
Kidneys
Stomach

one of the most abused drugs by all ages
and backgrounds

fruit, sugar, grain is fermented by yeasts
into ethyl alcohol, or ethanol
 proof refers to percentage of alcohol in a
beverage (100-proof vodka is 50% alcohol)
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ALCOHOL

opens blood
vessels, feel warm,
flushed
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slows reaction
time
 
slows breathing
rate
 
impairs
judgment
depressant
– causes
central nervous system to

s-l-o-w d-o-w-n
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can range from inability to
walk to unconsciousness,
inability to think, speak, do
simple tasks

50% of all vehicle
accidents & deaths are from
drunk driving

increased incidence of
violent behavior & crimes

increased incidence of
sexual assault & rape

increased transmission of
STDs

alcohol poisoning & death
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intoxication – physical and mental impairment
from alcohol use
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the brain & nervous system have become less
sensitive to alcohol’s effects (someone may
have to drink 6 beers in order to get the same
effect they used to get from 2 or 3)
tolerance:

characterized by increased tolerance, making it
necessary to drink more to get the same effect.
When a person is physically dependent on
alcohol, withdrawal symptoms appear when the
drug is discontinued
physical dependence
How long does it take for the body to rid
itself of alcohol?
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alcohol is
absorbed quickly into
the bloodstream from
the stomach & small
intestine

affects person
within 5 to 10 minutes
metabolized or oxidized
by the liver at a rate of
¼ to ½ ounce per hour
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takes two hours to
oxidize one average
drink

passage of time is
only way to sober up;
coffee, cold showers, or
“walking it off” has no
effect
*how quickly it is drunk
  amount of food in
stomach
  body weight & build
  gender (women
metabolize alcohol
differently & become
intoxicated more quickly)
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 mental/emotional
state
 surroundings
*physical tolerance
Factors influencing alcohol’s effects

.08% is legally intoxicated in New York State for
adults = DWI arrest “driving while
intoxicated”
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.04% = DUI arrest “driving under the influence”

anything over .02 for persons under 21 can get you
into legal trouble & loose privilege to drive
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possession of alcohol by persons under 21 can be
prosecuted
BAC - Blood Alcohol Concentration – is the amount
of alcohol in the blood at any given time
…if you are under 21 and give alcohol to
another person
under 21, you can be
arrested
 …if you use a fake ID, you can be arrested
 …if you alter an ID or license, it is a felony
and can be sent to prison for up to 7 years

did you know….
…if your parents allow you & your friends
have alcohol, they can be arrested (even if
other parents say it is ok)
 …if you have a party without your parent’s
permission and alcohol is used, they are
legally responsible for what goes on in their
house, and they will be held liable
 Liable means to be held responsible for
damages to property or injuries to people…in
other words, your family would have to pay
lots of money to anyone who was hurt

did you know….
BAC Level
.04% - .05% – judgment, speech,
coordination affected
.08% - .10% - reflexes & judgment clearly
impaired
.2% - could result in unconsciousness
.3% - could result in coma
.4% - .5% - could result in death due to
suppression of the cerebellum, the brain’s
breathing center
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 people who drink heavily in a
◦ short amount of time risk their lives
 a high BAC can result in Acute
Alcohol
Intoxication ( alcohol poisoning)
  if someone shows signs of alcohol
poisoning, call 911
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Alcohol Poisoning
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cannot be awakened
has a weak, rapid pulse
has unusual or irregular breathing
pattern
has cool, (possibly damp) bluish or pale skin
DO NOT LEAVE THEM TO
“SLEEP IT OFF”
get help immediately if someone…
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alcohol irritates the stomach lining,
causing
vomiting
a sleeping or unconscious person could vomit &
aspirate it into their lungs and die
Get medical attention
Call 911
Be safe, not sorry
DO NOT LEAVE THEM TO “SLEEP IT
OFF”
Driving Under the Influence
Driving Under the Influence
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Metabolism
◦ amount of alcohol consumed, food in
stomach, time between drinks, body size,
gender

Blood Alcohol Concentration
◦ NYS DWI = .08
◦ NYS DWAI = .04-.07
◦ Zero Tolerance!!!!!
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Consequences
◦ It is ILLEGAL!!!!!!!!
◦ It can KILL!!!!!!!
Blood Alcohol Level Affect On
Body
 0.02 Slight mood changes
 0.06 Lowered inhibition, impaired
judgment, decreased rational decisionmaking abilities.
 0.08 Legally drunk, deterioration of
reaction time and control.
 0.15 Impaired balance, movement, and
coordination. Difficulty standing, walking,
talking.
 0.20 Decreased pain and sensation. Erratic
emotions.
 0.30 Diminished reflexes. Semi-
Long Term Effects of
Drinking

Nutrition
◦ Vitamin/Mineral Deficiencies
◦ Stomach/Skin Problems
◦ Loss of Appetite
Brain Damage
 Fatty Liver
 Cirrhosis of the Liver
 Hepatitis

 fat accumulation of the liver, impairing
function
  cirrhosis of the liver (scar tissue)
  brain shrinkage or atrophy
 cancers of the mouth, tongue, stomach,
esophagus
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Effects of prolonged alcohol use
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fetal alcohol syndrome (metal retardation
& birth defects)
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family problems, loss of jobs, respect
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child & partner neglect & abuse, divorce
 alcohol involved in 2/3 of all homicides, 1/3
of all suicides

½ of all vehicle accidents are alcohol
related as well as many falls, fires, and
other accidents
More long term effects of
alcohol
Other dangerous factors
surrounding alcohol...

Tolerance

Dependence

Multiplier Effect
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Alcohol and
Pregnancy
◦ Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome
Illegal Drugs
Chapter 26
Any unnecessary or improper use of chemical
substances for NON-medical purposes.
Gateway Drugs = alcohol, tobacco, marijuana,
inhalants
 Overdose: strong or even fatal reaction to a
large amount of a drug

Substance Abuse,
Dangers,
TOLERANCE
DEPENDENCE
Consequences, and Costs
ADDICTIONWITHDRAWAL
Consequences of Drug Use
Tolerance: needing more and more of a
drug to get the same effects
 Dependence/Addiction: the physical
(physiological) and mental
(psychological) NEED for a drug.
 Withdrawal: severe physical and mental
symptoms to stopping drug use;
symptoms may include nervousness,
insomnia, nausea, headaches, etc.
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Costs and Risks
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Negative everyday performance
(school, work, home life, and social life)
Undue pressure and stress on body
Legal issues and trouble
Slows physical and mental maturity
Stress on family and loved ones.
Average societal costs = $67 billion
(inc. health, social, and criminal care)
Drugs and pregnancies/parenting =
offspring health and mental problems.
Drug Classes Subject to Regulation
(CSA)
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Opioids
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CNS Depressants
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CNS Stimulants
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Hallucinogens
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Cannabinoids
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Anabolic Steroids
Levels of Drug Control
Five Classes or Schedules Under
CSA
• Schedule I:
• Not approved in the U.S.
• High abuse potential (most restrictive)
• Special DEA license for research
• Schedules II-V:
• Approved medical use in the U.S.
• High (C-II) to limited (C-IV/V) physical
or psychological dependence liability
Stimulants
drugs that speed up the Central
Nervous System
 Caffeine
 Nicotine
 Amphetamines
 Methamphetamine
 Cocaine
~ causes increase in HR, Respiratory
Rates, BP, dilated pupils and decreased
appetite.
Depressants (Sedatives)
drugs that slow down the Central
Nervous System
Alcohol
 Barbituates
 Tranquilizers
 Methaqualone (Qualudes)
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~ relax muscles, relieve feelings of
tension and worry, induce sleep, slows
HR, BP, breathing
Heroin
 Opium
 Morphine
 Codeine
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~ causes drowsiness and may result in
coma/death,
slows breathing,
dulls
Narcotics
(Opiods)
sensesderived from the opium plant
drugs
that have a sedative effect

PCP (Angel Dust)
 LSD (Acid)
 Mescaline
~ most deaths occur from accidents as a
result of being under the influence…
Hallucinogens
drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and
sense perceptions, including vision,
hearing, smell, and touch
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Short-term physical effects
◦ Problems w/ memory and learning
◦ Distorted perception
◦ Trouble with thinking, problem solving, and
judgement
◦ Loss of coordination
◦ Increased HR and anxiety

Long-term
physical effects
Cannabinoids
◦ Cancers of forms
the lungs,
and esophagus
different
of mouth,
the Cannabis
or
◦ Lungs/Airway obstructions
Hemp plant containing THC
◦ Lowering of Immune System reliability

MDMA (Ecstasy)
 GHB
 Rohypnol
 Ketamine
~ used in “club”
situations,
most often
Club
Drugs
mixed with alcohol and other drugs
(Designer/Look-Alike)
producing
a synergistic effect
synthetic
substances
meantdrugs
to imitate
~ also known
as “Date-Rape”
due
effects
of two
or more
drugs
tothe
being
colorless,
odorless,
and
tasteless
Short-term effects:
Long-term effects:
◦ Depresses the CNS
◦ Nausea, sneezing,
coughing, nosebleeds
◦ Fatigue
◦ Loss of appetite
◦ Lack of coordination
◦ Dull of perception and
senses
◦ Liver damage
◦ Kidney damage
◦ Permanent brain
damage
◦ Hearing loss
◦ Limb spasms
◦ Change in bone
marrow (blood cells)
breathable
fumes
that
◦ Blood O
depletion
2
Inhalants
substances with
are sniffed and inhaled to give a
hallucinogenic high
~ one time use can result in coma, suffocation, or vegetative state
Anabolic Steroids
synthetic derivatives of the male hormone,
testosterone
Side Effects (MALE)
◦ Increased breast size
◦ Decreased testicle size
◦ Decreased sperm
count
◦ Depression
Side Effects (FEMALE)
◦
◦
◦
◦
Decreased breast size
Deepening of voice
Widening of jaw
Increased facial/body
hair
Side Effects (Both)
•Acne
•Patterned balding
•High BP, HR
•Heart Disease and Strokes
•Mood Swings and Abnormal Violence (“Roid Rage”)
•Liver Damage
Alcohol, Tobacco, Other
Drugs
Review (I.e. Words you need to know)
Ethanol
Fermentation
Intoxication
Metabolism
DWAI
DWI
Cirrhosis
Multiplier
Effect
Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome
Binge
Drinking
Inhalants
Enabling
Nicotine
Carcinogen
Chronic Bronchitis
Emphysema
Secondhand Smoke
Substance Abuse
Gateway Drugs
Overdose
Tolerance
Dependence
Withdrawal
Intervention
COPD
Codependency
Addiction
CSA 1970
Stimulants
Caffeine
Euphoria
Paranoia
Tranquilizers
Heroin
Mescaline
MDMA
Anabolic Steroids
Morphine
Designer/Look-Alike
Date-Rape Drugs