Transcript Diapositive 1 - Al Akhawayn University

Al Akhawayn University
School of Humanities and Social Sciences
Effective listening
Presented by:
Amine Bennani
Khalil El Yamani
Rim Bensalah
Reda Tahlaoui
Supervised by: Pr. M. Ibahrine
Based on: Public Speaking, Concepts and skills For A diverse Society, 4th Edition JAFFE
The Learning Objectives:
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Appreciate the importance of listening skills
Name two linguistic barriers to listening
Describe cultural factors that hinder listening
Explain how personal barriers affect your listening
Use cultural schema to improve your listening
Identify strategies to improve your comprehensive listening
Improve your critical listening skills
Practice dialogical listening through nonverbal feedback
Give appropriate verbal feedback
An ancient proverb:
« We have been given two ears and but a
single mouth in order that we may hear more
and talk less »
Listening Skills Are Valuable
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Can someone tell me why?
Listening Skills Are Valuable
 We
listen most: employers mention that listening is
the most commonly used job skill
 Good listening skill are job skills: Barbers, doctors,
journalists even politicians understand the need to
listen (WHY)
 Listening and being heard empowers people and
aids personal relationships: being listen to is one of
our most basic needs
Barriers To Listening
Barriers to Listening
Listening
is the combination of many different
symbols such as:
▪Ears
▪Eyes (and even)
▪Heart
People want to better listen but face obstacles
such as linguistic, cultural and personal barriers
Discuss this from an Islamic point of view
Linguistic Barriers
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Diversity is crucial when it comes to language
variations in the world
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In one exact place or city hundreds of languages are
spoken
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Not forgetting different language usage among
different groups using the same language
Linguistic Barriers: Language Differences
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A language shared between speakers in a country is vital for
communication or more precisely speaking or listening.
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Accents and dialects can also complicate the understanding
of the words one hears:
- Ex: A person from India can ask if he or she can have
some water pronouncing it “vaater.”
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People have always got to pay attention to people with
different regional accents or ethnic dialects.
Linguistic Barriers: Vocabulary Differences
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Not all listeners will understand all the vocabulary in a
language:
-If a speech is being given on French cuisine then the
audience will need to know the terminology of this
specific field to be able to understand
-Jargon for rocket science is different to jargon for
archeology
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When a listener does not share a speaker’s vocabulary then the
speech will not be easy to understand Here your are referring
to the register, which means a subset of a language used for a
particular purpose in a particular social setting
Cultural Barriers
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One could also fail to understand a speaker’s cultural
allusions or references to historical, literary and
religious sources:
- In other words a person that grew up listening to
The Beatles would not know or appreciate
Eminem or 50 Cent.
- A Christian would not be able to define what the
Muslim term “bismillah,” is.
Personal Barriers
There are many personal factors, which may
distract a listener from paying attention to a
speech.
 Physical factors such as hearing loss, insomnia,
hunger and illness can interrupt one from
listening.
 Psychological factors such as having to worry
about other issues in ones life can distract a
listener. Problems like previous arguments,
stressing for a test, or having an overdrawn
bank account are major factors.
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Personal Barriers (Cont’d)
Listening can also be an issue when the
speaker is being judged.
 People stereotype when putting someone
into a category.
 Prejudice means that a listener can
already have a negative or positive opinion
on the speaker, which will affect the
listener from paying attention.
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Personal Barriers (cont’d)
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Taking small departures from the communication line. In
other words to interact with the speakers ideas using
ones own knowledge. Usually the most productive.
Going off on a tangent. Not concentrating on the main
idea. Too many ideas are mentioned and this leads to
stop listening.
Engaging in a private argument. Challenging and arguing
internally.
Taking large departures from the communication line.
The listener in this case is also mixing different issues
taking him or her off the main topic.
Strategies to Improve
Listening
Use Cultural Schemas
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Schemas are mental plans or models that guide
your perception, interpretation, storage, and
recollection of a speech.
Use Cultural Schemas (cont’d)
Know Your Listening Purpose
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Improve your comprehension:
 Prepare
in advance.
 Use attention directing strategies.
 Enhance the meaning.
 Look for organizational patterns.
 Use strategies that complement your personal
learning style.
 Do not ignore the speaker’s manner.
Know Your Listening Purpose (cont’d)
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Improve your critical listening skills:
Critical listening is the listening that requires you to reflect and
weigh the merits of persuasive messages before you accept
them.
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What is this speaker’s goal?
Does this message make sense?
Where does the information come from?
What are the benefits of adopting the speaker’s ideas?
What problems, if any, go along with this position?
Am I being swayed by my emotions?
Should I trust this speaker?
Practice dialogical Listening
Practice dialogical Listening
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As one listen to a public speech, the listener provide
different interactions:
► Non verbal feedback
► Verbal feedback
Give Appropriate Nonverbal Feedback
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Managing these factors can help the listener
send feedback more effectively:
>Posture
>Distance
>Movements
Posture
 The
posture communicates involvement
and helps to focus attention:
▪ Face the speaker squarely
▪ Turn toward the speaker more directly if you
are sitting in the corner of the room.
▪ Lean forward slightly
▪ Let you body assume a relaxed, and open
position.
Distance
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The more you interact with the speaker, the more you will
understand and remember.
Instructors interact more regularly with students who are
sitting in the first two or three rows, toward the center.
Movements
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Avoid disruptive behaviors as:
-Fidgeting
-Shuffling papers
-Drumming fingers on the desk
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Support the speaker by making:
-Eye contact
-Smiling at an amusing anecdote
-Nodding in support of a major point
-Applauding when appropriate
Give Appropriate Verbal Feedback
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Questions and comments arise as you listen, so if a question
and answer period will follow the speech, write down your
questions and comments, as:
-Loaded questions
-Closed questions
-Open questions
-Clarification questions
-Requests for elaboration
-Comments
Thank you for your Attention