Transcript Copyright Collective Management Role and Functioning of RROs

Copyright Collective Management
Role and Functioning of RROs
Olav Stokkmo, CEO of IFRRO
Repronig – IFRRO – NCC – ARIPO – WIPO Conference
17 September 2013
Lagos
IFRRO
International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organisations
Provider of reliable information on copyright-led
solutions in the text and image based sector
The global network
140 members in 77 countries
IFRRO Key Activities
• Communications /
Information
• Business Approaches
• Regional Development
Cooperates with
• WIPO
• UNESCO
•
•
EU
OAPI, ARIPO, LAS
APEC, CERLALC
•
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CISAC, SAA, etc.
IFLA, EBLIDA
RROs -Reproduction Rights Organisations
Set up/Governed jointly by Authors and Publishers
•
RROs in 77 countries
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–
–
–
•
Europe
Africa
Americas and Caribbean
Asia and Oceania
35
12
18
12
Key facets of RRO activities
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–
–
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Awareness raising
Copyright enforcement
Licence, collect and distribute revenues;
Operate on the basis of
–
–
Mandates from Authors or Publishers
Legislation
IFRRO. RRO-members,
total members and collected fees
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1989
1994
RROs
2000
Total members
2008
Collected fees
2012/13
Collected fees in USD
Members
RROs and total members 22.8.2013;
Collected fees 1989-2012
Supporting collective management is
supporting economy, knowledge, culture
Income from secondary uses is indispensible to
creation and investment in new works
Valuing copyright allows investment
in creativity, knowledge and culture
The educational publishing ecosystem
Primary market
Secondary
market
Exceptions
exceptions are important; unremunerated exceptions should be limited to instances
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where primary and secondary markets cannot fulfil a market need efficiently
Income from secondary uses
Fundamental to the author & development
Authors
• 20% decline in income from secondary uses would mean a drop
of 29% in output or the equivalent of 2,870 works per year.
Publishers
• Secondary copyright payments play an important role in
incentivising investment in new products
Provision of easy legal access to copyright works
Protects both content creators and consumers
Source: PWC, An economic analysis of education exceptions in copyright
Provision of easy, legal access to
© works protects users and R/Hs
Seamless Access to © works –
Addressing primary and secondary markets
Accessing Intellectual Property
Paid
Freely available
RETRIEVING
Personal use
ACCESS
FINDING
Works
USING
Classroom use
Research/Collaboration
Rightsholders
SHARING
Photocopying
Internal
External
E-mailing
Internal
External
Posting
Intranet
Storing
Internet
Text & Data Mining
Republication
New Work
Print-disabled version
Translation
RRO Collective Administration
Contributes to seamless access to © works
• Individual licensing when one to one or many
• Collective management when many to many; when
individual licensing is
– Impossible
• Typically Orphan works
– Impracticable or Insufficient
• Typically Multiple copying & Out-of-Print works
RROs complements individual administration
RROs -Reproduction Rights Organisations
Collective Rights Managers in text & image sector
Operate on the basis of mandates from; governed jointly by
•
Authors and Publishers
 Writers including translators; Visual artists; Composers
 Publishers (Book, journal, newspaper, magazine,
•
music)
Legislation
Key facets of RRO activities



Awareness raising
Copyright enforcement
Licence, collect and distribute revenues
RROs Make Copyright Work!
Content of RRO repertoire licence
• Limited extracts
• 5-15%; chapter; article
• Personal and Internal use
• Permitted uses
• Photocopying and scanning
• Download, store, print, internal dissemination, external
dissemination
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Authorised users
Terms
Fees
Usage reporting requirements
Compliance awareness
Digital sources and applications
• Sources
o Analogue
o Electronic carrier
o Online
o Internet download
• Applications and uses
o Scan
o Printout
o PPT
o Whiteboard
o Intranet
oView
o Virtual Learning Environment
o Document delivery
o Store
o Redirect to content
o Email
o RRO content database
RROs
Areas of Collective Administration
• Education at all levels
– Schools; Universities; Further education; Distance Education
• Trade and Industry
• Public Administration
– Government; Regional; Local
• Religious bodies
• Public and Research libraries
• Cultural institutions
• Copy shops
• Press Cutting Agencies
RRO rights administration
New areas
• Digital Libraries
– Orphan Works
– Works out of Commerce
• Model Licences – Secure and Open Networks
• Rights Clearance
• Databases
• People with print disabilities
• Trusted Intermediaries (TI) pilot project
• WIPO Stakeholder Platform - TIGAR
• EC Stakeholder Dialogue – MoU - ETIN
Governments
Vital in enforcing the © ecosystem
A society that values knowledge and culture
values its creators
Role of Government
Legislation
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
Adopt appropriate legal framework
Enforce legislation
Awareness raising
Licensing
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Take up licence for own copying
Take up licence for copying in owned institutions
Recommend and encourage copyright licensing
Strengthening copyright &
collective management
Helps create wealth, employment and
economic growth
Copyright
A Fundamental Human Right!
Jaron Lanier virtual reality
• Fundamental problem: Web being
free obscures the fact that people
created all this data
• Much of the danger to middle-class
professionals stems from Internet’s
hostility to ownership of knowledge
• Restore the value of data
( Jaron Lanier: Who owns the future)
A world that values knowledge values its creators!
Economic growth
Cannot be created by giving all away for free
Al Gore
We are nearing a threshold
beyond which so many jobs
are lost that the level of
consumer demand falls below
the level necessary to sustain
healthy economic growth
(Al Gore in The Future)
The Copyright Sectors Fuel the Digital Economy!
Collective Management
Seamless access to copyright works
Convenient
Fast
Safe
Simple
Cost effective
Innovative
Thank you!
[email protected]
www.ifrro.org
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