Transcript Slide 1
Accessing Cultural Heritage The Role of Collective Management
Olav Stokkmo
, CEO of IFRRO ARIPO-IFRRO-NCC-Repronig-WIPO conference , 17 September 2013, Lagos
Some digital libraries initiatives
“Digital Library” initiatives Some examples • Gutenberg project ( www.gutenberg.org
) – >100,000 titles, mainly out-of-copyright; free downloads • World Digital Library ( www.wdl.org
) – – – 7 languages; 106 partners Primary material Prototype:8,431 items (8,016 books, re vues, texts, images ) • Internet Archive ( www.archive.org
) – – 4,733,126 texts available 353 billion World Wide Web pages
“Digital Library” initiatives EUROPEANA European Digital Libraries > 26 million objects (July 2013) > 2,200 collaborating institutions and organisations 123 libraries; archives; museums providing content Common access point to the collections www.europeana.eu
Making cultural heritage available legally
LEGAL ISSUES
Fundamental Rights Concerned Exclusive Rights 1. Reproduction (Berne Convention Article 9.1) 2. Make available/Communication (WCT Article 8) 3. Distribution (WCT Article 10) Exceptions/Limitations to exclusive rights (BC 9.2) Certain special cases; Not in conflict with the normal exploitation of the work Not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interest of RH Libraries: Preservation; dedicated terminals on library premises
Digitising Cultural Heritage legally Identifying and addressing Rights Rightholders Right status Right clearance Orphan Works Out-of-Commerce & In Commerce Works
Making cultural heritage available legally
TOOLS AVAILABLE
Europe Stakeholder developed tools •
Orphan works
– Diligent search for rightholders Guidelines – – Databases of Orphan works Criteria Rights Clearance Centres Criteria •
Works Out of Print/Distribution/Commerce
– Model Licence – Databases of Out-of-Commerce works Criteria – Rights Clearance Centres Criteria •
On-Line Accessibility
– Model Licence http://www.ifrro.org/content/i2010-digital-libraries
Out of Commerce Works (OOC) Principles in Stakeholder MoU 1. Selection: Agree on what to make available/digitise 2. Voluntary Collective Licensing; Remuneration 3. Possible inclusion of works of authors and publishers not in the RRO catalogue; Right of withdrawal 4. Libraries observe agreed conditions 5. Cross-border accessibility
Making cultural heritage available legally
COLLECTIVE LICENSING
Selection from Library Collection Agree what to include
1. Selection from Library Collection
• •
Works/Materials
Public domain In copyright – – – In commerce OOC (Majority) Orphan (some)
Roman Alapage
13 Selecting - Identifying Works, Authors, Publishers, Status • Public Domain •No need to clear rights • Known author/publisher • In Commerce • Out of Commerce •Rights can be cleared • Directly / RRO • Unknown/id Author/Publisher: Orphan • Legislation to clear rights – by CMO
OOC in digitisation project s RROs the natural one stop shop
2. COLLECTIVE LICENSING
Rights in OOC may be with •Authors •Publishers
RROs
– – – – – Mandated Established Owned Governed Licence collectively jointly by on behalf of Authors & Publishers
• • •
IFRRO
Mission Increase lawful use of copyright works Eliminate unauthorized copying Promote efficient collective rights management The global network 140 members in 78 countries
OOC in digitisation projects Voluntary Collective Licensing RROs will – – – – Collect mandates from authors and publishers relevant to the (groups of ) works agreed to be included Inform of withdrawn creators, publishers, works Sign the licence Monitor the licence Libraries will – – Be transparent in the project planning Ensure that licensing conditions are observed • Digitise/make available authorised works only
ARROW = appropriate tool to identify / select
Collective Licensing Inclusion of works not in RRO catalogue
3. INCLUSION OF WORKS NOT IN CATALOGUE Authors & Publishers Not in RRO catalogue Works may be withdrawn RRO Mandating Authors Mandating Publishers Voluntary Collective Licensing Agreement User (Library)
•Legal Presumption •Extended Coll. Licence •Compulsory Coll. Manage
29/10/2012 To facilitate search www.arrow-net.eu
Co-funded by the Community programme eContentplus
19
Digitising cultural heritage legally Five key issues Identifying and addressing Rights Rightholders Rights status Rights clearance • • • • Requires Search tools / facilities Registries Rights clearance mechanisms Enabling legislation handling Unidentifiable/Unlocatable rightholders (Orphan works)
The ARROW work flow VIAF Library TEL Matching records Library interface 3rd data collection ROW 1st data collection 2nd data collection BiP RRO
RESULT OF PILOT VALIDATION Time (and cost) benefit from using ARROW
Total
Manual search 95% Search using ARROW 5%
Time save using ARROW Search for author, publisher, work, status
Time saved using ARROW in hours; 63 – 102 records
France Germany Spain UK 184 34 52 12,7 4 3 3,5 4,5
Manual ARROW
Making cultural heritage available legally
SOME PRACTICAL EXAMPLES
Library Digitising Project “Bookshelf” (Norway) • • Contract National Library – RRO (Kopinor) – Mandate from authors and publishers – Extended Collective Licence – – – Digitise and make available 250,000 books Published before 2000 Includes orphan works and out of commerce works Fee per page made available to public per year – – – – User access Registered library users Norwegian IP addresses View; No download, print-out or copying Purchase opportunities http://www.arrow-net.eu/news/rightsholders-and-national-library-norway-agreed-digital-library-project.html
http://www.arrow-net.eu/news/bookshelf-project-contract.html
Library Digitising project Some examples 25 • •
FRANCE
Out-of-Commerce Books published in France < 2001 – Compulsory Collective Management by RRO Right of withdrawal • •
GERMANY
Out-of-Commerce Books published in Germany < 1966 – – Licensing by RROs (VG Wort and VG Bildkunst) Legal Presumption Right of withdrawal
In conclusion
Library Digitisation project The constructive way to solutions 27 • • Creative collaboration – finding solutions in the interest of all Copyright compliance & • Collective Copyright administration
Thank you!
www.ifrro.org