Transcript PowerPoint 簡報

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 Fine art is notoriously hard to define. Who decides
whether something can be called “art”? The artist?
The audience? Critics, buyers and curators?
 The Cambridge Dictionary suggests that art is “the
making of objects, images, music etc., that are
beautiful or that express feelings.” All the great
works which have been acknowledged as art, from
the primitive cave paintings of northern Spain to
the recent controversial sculptures of Ai Weiwei,
certainly fit this description.
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 Scholars generally agree that the Italian Renaissance
(1400-1550) marks the beginning of fine art in the West.
In this period, artists studied the architecture of the
ancient civilizations. They saw that classical architects
had an advanced understanding of shape and
proportion, and began to apply the same
mathematical principles to their own work.
Brunelleschi developed linear perspective (, while
Masaccio pioneered chiaroscuro (the use of light and
shade to make objects appear in three dimensions).
 Renaissance https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vufba_ZcoR0
 Linear Perspective: Brunelleschi's Experiement
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkNMM8uiMww
 The Renaissance and the Modern period are
separated by five movements, which lasted from
the 1520s to around 1900: Mannerism, Baroque,
Neoclassicism, Romanticism and Realism. Modern
art, as defined by art historians, began in the 1860s
with a movement called Impressionism and ended
with Pop Art a century later. We are now in the
Postmodern, or Deconstructivist, period.
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 Asian art follows a different timeline. The peak of
Japanese art was Ukiyo-e, from the 17th to 19th
century. Ukiyo-e paintings and woodblock prints
celebrate da lifestyle of travel and pleasure. In
India, artists of the Mughal Empire, from the 16th
to 19th century, produced highly-detailed
miniatures of people and nature with influences
from Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam. Elsewhere
in the Islamic world depictions of the human form
were forbidden, leading to the flourishing of
applied arts such as calligraphy, ceramics and
textiles.
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Ukiyo-e
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 One thing which unites great art from all
continents is its ability to provoke a reaction.
Whilst religious painters of the Renaissance might
have hoped to inspire awe, contemporary artists
often set out to shock. The conceptual artist Marcel
Duchamp was one of the first to do this, in the early
1900s: his most famous works include a urinal and a
copy of the Mona Lisa with an added beard and
must ache. In the 1960s, Andy Warhol had teams of
assistants produce screen prints of celebrities and
consumer goods. In the 1990s, Damien Hirst
exhibited a dead shark in a tank. All three men
wanted their audience to ask themselves: what is
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art?
Marcel Duchamp
www.tate.org.uk
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 Andy Warhol
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SdbOrNLcC0I
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 This question is difficult because it is subjective.
What is beautiful or meaningful to one person
may leave someone else cold. What about graffiti,
for example? Returning to our earlier definition,
graffiti is an image which expresses feelings
(though it may or may not be beautiful) – so is it
art? To its creator and a sympathetic viewer, it
could be; to others, it is nothing more than an
eyesore. The question may never be resolved but
one thing is sure: as long as people live, they will
create.
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 Scenario 1
Two students are in a museum of fine art
exhibiting impressionist painting. They are talking
about their preference of impressionist artists, and
commenting on their painting.
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Faith: What do you think of this one?
Toby: Hmm. It’s by Monet, isn’t it? I’m afraid his
work leaves me cold.
Faith: How can you say that?
Toby: I know, it’s a terrible thing to say. Maybe it’s
because you see his paintings everywhere – on Tshirts, mugs, even cell phone cases …
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Faith: That’s because he was one of the greatest
artists that ever lived. Look at how he catches the
light here, on the field. It’s beautiful.
Toby: I just think there are better Impressionist
painters.
Faith: Like who?
Toby: Like Renoir, for example. Come and look at
this picture. It has a more interesting composition
and more detail than any Monet.
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Faith: Impressionist paintings aren’t supposed to be
detailed! That’s how the movement got its name –
the artists painted impressions of what they saw, not
faithful copies.
Toby: Look, we’ll have to agree to disagree. Taste in
art is like taste in food – you either like something,
or you don’t.
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 Scenario 2
A professional travel writer is being
interviewed on a TV program. The writer is offering
his/her recommendation of the must-see museums
to viewers.
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Matt: Thanks for joining us, Lauren. So today you’re
going to tell us about the best exhibitions in the city
this month.
Lauren: That’s right, Matt. I have two main
recommendations. The first is the Jake Sherman
retrospective at the National Gallery. He’s been
photographing his native California since the 1970s,
so there are some real treasures here.
Matt: Sherman has a wonderful eye, doesn’t he?
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Lauren: He sure does. I’ve always been a fan. My
second must-see exhibition is the annual graduate
show at Vanburgh College. This show has been hitand-miss over the last few years, but this year the
work is really strong. Sculptor Nina Vasquez is
definitely one to watch.
Matt: I hope I’ll have time to see it! There’s only one
week left, right?
Lauren: Yes, the show closes on Saturday – and that’s
a good day to visit, because the students will be
there to discuss their work with the public.
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Note 1
 Although Europe remains the go-to destination for
classical art, Asia is fast becoming a major player
on the contemporary art scene.
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 In recent years, Hong Kong has welcomed
international gallery “brands” such as Gagosian
and White Cube, whilst specialist institutions are
also springing up all over the continent. Shanghai’s
m97 Gallery focuses on photography; Singapore
now boasts The Drawing Room and the Tyler Print
Institute; MO Space in Manila plays host to
multimedia and performance art. Meanwhile, in
Tokyo, a new gallery known simply as 3331
specializes in promoting social inclusion through
the visual arts. As well as staging exhibitions, they
offer free-of-charge workshops to the public.
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 Of course, there are also many established
museums and galleries in Asia which draw millions
of visitors each year: the National Palace Museum
in Taipei and the National Museum of Korea in
Seoul, to name but two.
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The End
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Pictures
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Ai Weiwei
The Cambridge Dictionary
http://alashaery.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/c
ambridge-dictionaries_3331.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/common
s/4/46/Ai_weiwei-.jpg
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Mughal Empire
http://s.hswstatic.com/gif/willow/historyof-india2.gif
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Marcel Duchamp
http://www.bustler.net/images/news2/the_r
oyal_shakespeare_company_2011_riba_client
_of_the_year_01.jpg
Mona Lisa
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co
mmons/6/6a/Mona_Lisa.jpg
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Andy Warhol
Damien Hirst
http://cdn.theweek.co.uk/sites/theweek/fil
es/styles/theweek_article_main_image/pub
lic/damien_hirst.jpg?itok=IMEG6TEY
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/common
s/2/2b/Andy_Warhol_by_Jack_Mitchell.jpg
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Gagosian Gallery
http://www.carusostjohn.com/media/images/213
_N89.jpg
White Cube Gallery
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co
mmons/b/ba/Hoxton_white_cube_1.jpg
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Drawing room
Shanghai’s m97 Gallery
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawing_roo
m
http://s1.ocula.com/anzax/92/92914e1b-4dba48e6-ac36-e8f49ff891a0.jpg?w=&h=&mw=640
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Manila MO Space
Tyler Print Institute
https://manilaartblogger.files.wordpress.co
m/2011/07/pokong-install-view-8.jpg
http://is.asiacity.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/item_im
age/stpi_exterior_0.jpg
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National Museum of Korea
National Palace Museum
http://tong.visitkorea.or.kr/cms/resource/4
9/592749_image2_1.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/common
s/3/3e/National_Palace_Museum_(0155).JPG
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