Transcript A Time of Social Change 1963–1975

A Time of Social Change
1963–1975
Women at Work
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19th Amendment
By 1963 1/3 of workers in US were women
Earning 60% of what a man earned
Service jobs – sales clerk, secretary, and
domestic servants
Women at Home 
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Marry young – about 20 years old
Have a couple of kids
Betty Freidan The Feminine Mystique
Many women felt trapped by domestic life,
were unhappy just being homemakers and
wives.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ivUOn
nstpg
Feminism on the Move
• AKA women’s liberation movement/ Equal
Rights Movement
• Women and men should be equal socially,
politically, and economically
• Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned gender
discrimination in employment
National Organization for
Women 1966 NOW
• Worked to end discrimination in the
workplace, schools, and justice system.
• Worked to end violence against women
• Worked to gain abortion rights
• Through rallies, marches, protests,
lawsuits, lobbied government
Equal Rights Amendment
• Threat to traditional family life?
• Fears of women being drafted into the
military
• FAILED to become a law by 3 states
(needed 38 states by 1982 to ratify law)
Roe v Wade 1973
Native Americans
• High unemployment rates
• Average income less than half of a white
American man
• Poor health, alcoholism, tuberculosis high
• Life expectancy lower and babies more
likely to die in infancy
Termination policy
• Eisenhower decided to stop services to
reservation and relocate Native Americans
to the cities. Assimilate them into
“Mainstream” society
• Between 1952-1967, 200,000 Native
Americans were resettled
• Government did not allocate resources for
them to help them adjust to urban life
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yd37B0
MrlSE
Declaration of Indian Purpose 1961
• 700 Native American from 64 Nations met
in Chicago
• Wanted to end the Termination policy and
take control of their own lives
• RED POWER MOVEMENT
• National Council on Indian Opportunity to
get Indians more involved in setting
policies - Johnson
Alcatraz occupation
• 1969 tried to reclaim the abandoned
federal prison in San Francisco.
• Lasted 18 months
• Said they had a right to be there because
of the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868 gave
them the right to use any surplus federal
territory.
Result
• NM returned 48,000 acres of the Second
Blue Lake lands to the Taos Indians in
1970
American Indian Movement
1968
• Renewal of culture
• Economic independence
• Better education for Indian children.
Other organizations
• Native American Rights Fund – legal
services
• National Indian Education Association –
improve access to education for Native
Americans
• Council on Energy Resource Tribes – gain
and control their natural resources and
choose to protect or develop them
Native Americans Today
• Unemployment at 40% and on some
reservation up to 90%
• High school drop out rate among highest
in the nation
• Red Power instilled greater pride and wide
spread appreciation for Native American
culture.
Latinos
• 1960 – 900,000 in US
• Immigration Act of 1965 – gave preference
to immigrants with relatives already in US
• 1/3 lived below poverty line
• High unemployment – 80% in low paying,
unskilled jobs (factory work, construction
work, farm labor, and household service)
Education
• 75% dropped out before finishing high
school
• Few of their teachers were Latino or able
to speak Spanish.
• Shabbier facilities, fewer resources, less
qualified teacher
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qy6wo2
wpT2k
Cesar Chavez
• Agricultural workers in California went on
strike
• Don’t buy grapes
• Success – he then organized lettuce
workers in California and migrant fruit
pickers in Florida’s citrus groves
Chicanos/ La Raza Unida Party
• Ethnic pride and commitment to political
activism
• Wanted bilingual education, improved
public services, education for children of
migrant workers, and end to job
discrimination.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwwyvLj
DU3M
Brown Berets
• Protested against police brutality in East
Los Angeles
• Protested high death rate of Chicano
soldiers in Vietnam
• Boricua = Puerto Ricans
Cubans
• Castro gains control over Cuba in 1959
• 78,000 Cubans flee to American
• Castro bans further emigration another
50,000 escape
• Flee for political reasons
Scarface
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pQQH
nqBa2E
Counterculture
• Rebellion of teens and young adults
against mainstream American society
• Blamed parents for generation for the
problems the nation faced – threat of
nuclear war, Vietnam War, racial
discrimination and segregation and
environment pollution
Hippies
• Abandoned schools, jobs, and traditional
home life
• Wanted freewheeling existence, rejected
materialism and work ethic of older
generations
• Wanted to live simply and “Do their own
thing”
Hippies
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Haight-Ashbury center for counterculture
Communes – live in harmony with nature
Peace and love
New religions (Buddhism)
Astrology
Illegal drugs – marijuana, LSD (acid)
“Tune in, turn on, and drop out”
Hippies
• Long hair and breads
• Lack of rules led to conflict
Summer of Love 1967
• Drug addiction – overdoses
Entertainment
• Andy Warhol – pop art
• Films rated from G to X
• Woodstock 1969 – 400,000 attended
All in the Family
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O_UBg
kFHm8o
Writing assignment (1 paragraph)
• Could you have lived in the 1960s and
early 1970s? Explain your answer as it
pertains to:
• Civil Rights
• The Vietnam War
• Space/arms race
• Equal rights for women, Native Americans,
and Latinos