Transcript chemistry
chemistry Slide 1 of 29 End Show 23.4 Polymerization Snap beads are a favorite toy for toddlers. Chemical compounds called monomers and polymers resemble snap beads. Monomers are joined endto-end to form long chains called polymers. You will learn about monomers and polymers. Slide 2 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Addition Polymers Addition Polymers How does an addition polymer form? Slide 3 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Addition Polymers • A polymer is a large molecule formed by the covalent bonding of repeating smaller molecules. • The smaller molecules that combine to form a polymer are called monomers. Slide 4 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Addition Polymers An addition polymer forms when unsaturated monomers react to form a polymer. Slide 5 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Addition Polymers Polyethylene is used to make many household items, including plastic bottles, bags, and food containers. Slide 6 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Addition Polymers Polypropylene, a stiffer polymer than polyethylene, is used to make plastic utensils and containers, and other items such as this whistle. Slide 7 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Addition Polymers Polypropylene is prepared by the polymerization of propene. Slide 8 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Addition Polymers Polystyrene foam is a poor heat conductor, useful for insulating homes and for molded items such as coffee cups and picnic coolers. Slide 9 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Addition Polymers Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is used for pipes in plumbing. It is also produced in sheets, sometimes with a fabric backing, for use as a tough plastic upholstery covering. Slide 10 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Addition Polymers Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a halocarbon polymer. Vinyl chloride is the monomer of polyvinyl chloride. Slide 11 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Addition Polymers Polytetrafluoroethene (Teflon™or PTFE) is the product of the polymerization of tetrafluoroethene monomers. Slide 12 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Addition Polymers PTFE is very resistant to heat and chemical corrosion. It is used to coat cookware and to insulate wires, cables, motors, and generators. Slide 13 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Addition Polymers Rubber is harvested from tropical plants and is used in a variety of products. Slide 14 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Addition Polymers Polyisoprene, harvested from tropical plants such as a rubber tree, is the polymer that constitutes rubber. Slide 15 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Condensation Polymers Condensation Polymers How are condensation polymers formed? Slide 16 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Condensation Polymers Condensation polymers are formed by the head-to-tail joining of monomer units. Slide 17 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Condensation Polymers Polyesters are made by linking dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy alcohols. The polyester polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is formed from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. Slide 18 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Condensation Polymers Woven Dacron (PET fibers) tubing can be used to replace major blood vessels. Slide 19 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Condensation Polymers Polyamides are polymers in which the carboxylic acid and amine monomer units are linked by amide bonds. Slide 20 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Condensation Polymers The representative polymer unit of nylon is derived from 6-aminohexanoic acid, a compound that contains both carboxyl and amino functional groups. Slide 21 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Condensation Polymers Nylon fibers are used for carpeting, tire cord, fishing lines, sheer hosiery, and textiles. Slide 22 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Condensation Polymers Kevlar™is a polyamide made from terephthalic acid and p-phenylenediamine. Slide 23 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Polymerization > Condensation Polymers Kevlar is used extensively where strength and flame resistance are needed. Bulletproof vests are made of Kevlar. Slide 24 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Section Quiz. Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section 23.4. Continue to: -or- Launch: Section Quiz Slide 25 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Section Quiz. 1. A reactant used to form addition polymers must a. be saturated. b. be unsaturated. c. be an alkane. d. contain only single C-C bonds. Slide 26 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Section Quiz. 2. The physical properties of addition polymers are controlled by adjusting the a. length of the carbon chain. b. temperature of the reaction. c. catalyst used in the reaction. d. number of substituents. Slide 27 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 23.4 Section Quiz. 3. When water is produced as a polymer forms, the polymer is most likely a. a condensation polymer. b. an addition polymer. c. polyethylene. d. a dicarboxylic acid. Slide 28 of 29 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show Polymerization > Concept Map 23 Concept Map 23 Create your Concept Map using the computer. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 29 of 29 End Show END OF SHOW