Transcript Chemistry: McMurry and Fay, 5th Edition

Chem
1210.001&2
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
Chapter 1/1
John E. McMurry • Robert C. Fay
C H E M I S T R Y
Fifth Edition
Chapter 1
Chemistry: Matter and Measurement
Lecture Notes
Alan D. Earhart
Southeast Community College • Lincoln, NE
Chemistry:
The study of
matter and it’s
properties.
Matter:
• Everything that has mass and occupies
space.
Science:
• Study to organize and explain
knowledge about us and our
surroundings.
Scientific Discipline:
• A branch of science limited in size
• Example: Chemistry
Technology:
• Application of science to new products.
• This is where science touches your life.
Chemical Technology
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Synthetic fibers
Plastics
Transportation
Fuels
Paper
Ink
Film
Skis
Chemical Technology
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Boats
Basketballs
Bowling balls
Musical instruments
TV’s
Toothbrush and toothpaste
Detergents and shampoos
Modern electronics
• We have come a long way in the last
200 years!
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
Chapter 1/14
Medicine
• How did George Washington die?
• He bled to death from a common cold!
Scientific Method
2. FACT
(observation)
1. PLAN
(experimental
Design)
3. LAW
(generalization)
EXPERIMENTATION
5. THEORY
(validated
Hypothesis)
4. HYPOTHESIS
(tentative
Explanation)
Symbols
• Each element has its own symbol
– One or two characters
– First character always capitalized
– Second character never capitalized
• CO not the same as Co
• See table inside front cover
Periodic Law
• Attributed to Mendeleev – 1869
• Similar properties occur @ regular intervals
(periods)
• Based on experimental results (laws)
• Didn’t know why (theory) until electron orbits
or shells were discovered
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
Chapter 1/25
Chemistry and the Elements
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
Chapter 1/26
Elements and the Periodic
Table
Periods: 7 horizontal rows.
Groups: 18 vertical columns.
• International standard: 1-18
• US system: 1A-8A, 1B-8B
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
Chapter 1/27
Elements and the Periodic
Table
Main Groups
• columns 1A-2A (2 groups)
• columns 3A-8A (6 groups)
Transition Metals: 3B-2B (8 groups, 10 columns).
Inner Transition Metals: 14 groups between 3B and 4B.
• lanthanides
• actinides
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
Chapter 1/28
H2 – C1
• 1.22, 1.23*, 1.32, 1.35*, 1.44, 1.45*,
1.93*