Transcript First Global Age

Vocabulary
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Astrolabe
Caravel
Scurvy
Circumnavigate
Conquistador
Immunity
Alliance
Inflation
Viceroy
Plantation
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Encomienda
Peon
Missionary
Triangular trade
Monopoly
Capitalism
Entrepreneur
Joint stock company
Mercantilism
Tariff
First Global Age
Chapters 15 & 16
27
The Search for Spices
• *Sought a new
sea route to Asia
• *Wanted to
convert others to
Christianity
Advances in technology
•*Improved ships Caravel
•Triangular sails
•Rudder
•Smooth bottom
• *Navigational tools
– Improved Magnetic
compass (1000 to
1500)
– Astrolabe (1400's)
– Sextant (1730)
Portuguese Explorers
Henry the Navigator
mapped the
African coast
Bartholomeu Dias
rounded the Cape of
Good Hope (1488)
Vasco de Gama
reached Calicut in
India (1497)
Spanish Explorers
Columbus (1492)
Oct. 12th landed in Bahamas
Sailed four times
Claimed area for the Spanish
crown
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
(1513)
Walked over Panama and
saw the Pacific
Ferdinand Magellan (1519 to
1521)
Circumnavigated the globe
*Treaty of Tordesillas
• Drew a line down
the Atlantic
– West is Spain’s
– East is Portugal
*Northwest Passage
English Sent John Cabot
Newfoundland
French sent Jacques
Cartier
St. Lawrence River
Dutch sent Henry Hudson
Explored the Hudson
River
Summary
Summarize your notes using at least four
sentences.
European Footholds in
Southeast Asia and India
• *Portuguese controlled the spice trade for
most of the 1500s
– Thanks to superior military power
• Dutch replaced the Portuguese
– By the late 1500s
– Built Cape Town as a repair and a resupply depot
Mughal India
*The world leader in textile manufacturing
• Ackbar allowed European trading post to be
set up
– Successors ended religious tolerance
• Caused a civil war in the 1700s
• European nations were able to extend their influence
into India.
• *The English and French vied for dominance
– By 1756 they were at war
• Locked in a global power struggle
– By the end of the 1700's England’s British East
India Company ruled India
Europeans in
East Asia
• *The Ming Dynasty
– Had little use for foreigners
– Demanded payment in gold
– Portuguese got a trading post at Macao
• *The Qing dynasty (Manchu…1680’s)
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Restricted foreign contact and trade.
Chinese territory expanded
New crops, potatoes and corn
Population grew 140 million in 1740 to 300
million in 1800
– Rejected British offer of trade
Feudal Japan
• *Welcomed western traders
and missionaries in 1543
– Many Japanese converted to
Christianity scaring Tokugawa
shoguns
• Loyal to a foreign power the
Pope
– Philippines taken over by
Spain
• Embarked on a policy of
strict isolation that lasted
more than 200 years.
Oda Nobunaga pounded the
rice,
Hideyoshi baked the cake,
And Tokugawa Ieyasu ate it.
Summary
Summarize your notes using at least four
sentences.
The New World “America”
• *First encounters
– Christopher Columbus
landed in the West
Indies in 1492
– Indians were friendly
– Chris thought they could
be converted
• Spanish conquistadors
– Seized the Indians land
and enslaved those who
did not convert
*Quetzalcoatl….was the Aztex
god who was suppose to return
from the East to reclaim his power
Hernan Cortez 1519
• Landed with 600 men
and a few cannons
• Moctezuma thought he
was Quetzalcoatl
– Sent gifts of silver and
gold
– Welcomed Cortez into
the city
– He drove them out a
short time later
• Cortez rebuilt his army
with Indians and
destroyed Tenchtitlan
– Built Mexico City on the
site
Inca and Pizarro
1532
• Atahualpa won civil
war
– Through deception,
took Atahualpa
hostage
– Incas’ paid 20 tons of
gold and silver
– Pizarro tied him to a
stake and strangled
him
• By the end of 1500
Inca’s endangered
*Spanish Victory
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Military Technology
Division and
discontent among
Indians
Disease
Attitude toward war
Life in Spanish America
• Strict control
• *Needed labor imported Africans
• *Rigid social structure
– Peninsulares
– Natives
– Slaves
• Blended European, Native and African
culture
English/French Colonies
William III
and Mary II
1689-1702
Louis XIV, The Great:
King of France, 1638-1715
French in America
• Between Verrazano’s visit to
the Atlantic coastline in
1524 and the end of the
Seven Years War in 1763,
*the French colonized or
visited nearly every corner
of North America.
• Due to a harsh climate its
population grew slowly
• *Economy based on fur
trapping
• Louis XIV sent wives
English In America
• Set up 13 Colonies
• *Enjoyed a large
degree of self
government
• *Cultural differences
– North.…Religious
– South….Money
Native Americans and the
Europeans
•Encounters with Europeans often
led to disaster for Native Americans
•disease killing many
•clashes over settlers taking
their land
•*The Indian way of life helped shape
the emerging culture of North
America.
•learned to grow corn, beans,
squash and tomatoes
•adopted their clothing style
•used their trails through the
wilderness
Summary
Summarize your notes using at least four
sentences.
Turbulent Centuries in Africa
• In the 1400s, Europeans established
trading outposts in Africa.
• Never penetrating into the interior
• Harsh treatment reduced trade
• *The Atlantic slave trade begins 1500s
• Plantations in the new world needed
labor
• Over the next 300 years, 13 million
slaves were imported from Africa
• Slave traders
• Africans rounded up slaves from the
interior and brought them to the coast
• Europeans bought them and shipped
them to America
Slave Trade begins in 1500’s
*Middle passage
The middle leg of
the trade network
Manufactured
goods from
Europe, raw
materials from
America and
slaves from Africa
The passage was
brutal 2 million
slaves died during
the voyage
*The Columbian Exchange
•Migration of
people and their
stuff
•New plants
•New animals
•Technology
•Disease
Old World
New World
Horses, Cattle,
Pigs, Sheep, Goats,
Chickens
Dogs, llamas, guinea
pigs, Turkeys
Rice, Wheat,
Barley, Oats,
Coffee,Sugarcane,
Bananas, Melons,
Olives, Dandelions
Smallpox, Measles,
Chicken Pox,
Malaria,
Yellow Fever,
Influenza,
The Common Cold
Corn, Potatoes, Beans,
Tobacco, Peanuts,
Squash, Peppers,
Tomatoes, Pumpkins,
Pineapples, Cacao,
Chicle, Papayas,
Tapioca, Guavas,
Avocados
Syphilis
Effects of the Exchange
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By 1700's new foods and
technologies had spread
worldwide
At the same time the world
experienced a population
explosion
*The rise of capitalism (buy
low, sell high)
– Entrepreneurs took the
risks necessary to make a
profit
– Adopted Arab bookkeeping
to show profit and lost
– Joint stock companies
pooled funds from many
investors
– Began to use put out
systems (cottage industry)
Which led to the industrial
revolution
• The fierce competition
for trade and empire,
created a policy of
*mercantilism
– Colonies existed to
enrich the parent
nation
– Supply the raw
material
– Buy the
manufactured goods
• Leads to *Imperialism
Stay Tuned
The Age of Absolutism
is coming
Summary
Summarize your notes using at least four
sentences.