The Post-War Economy

With a partner, read through section 2 (starting pg. 628) in order to answer the following questions. One paper per partnership.

1.

2.

3.

4.

By introducing the Model T, how did Henry Ford change the availability of cars for ordinary Americans?

What innovation is Ford credited with introducing to America’s factories?

How did Ford’s view of his workers raise their quality of life?

As a result of better quality of living and Ford’s production practices and methods, how did productivity change?

5.

6.

7.

8.

How was welfare capitalism meant to influence workers and their feelings about unions?

How did the automobile aid in transforming where Americans lived and traveled?

What are installment buying and credit, and how did they act to get more Americans to buy products?

How was the experience of American farmers different from the experience of suburban and urban dwelling Americans during the 1920s?

You have 20 minutes.

Natural Disasters

• ROBERT HASPEL: Over Easter

weekend, Good Friday, specifically, we woke up in the morning, looked out, and it had been raining torrentially the night before. And the streets were all flooded. Living there on Jefferson Avenue, had a neutral ground, and from side to side was water. You couldn’t see the neutral ground, the water was over that. And everybody thought the levee had broken. Everything was flooded. First time anybody had ever seen anything like that. But the river was intact. The levee was intact.

Key Terms/People to Know

Section 1: flapper, values, Billy Sunday, fundamentalism, Aimee Semple McPherson, evolution, Clarence Darrow, William Jennings Bryan, bootlegger, speakeasy Section 2: Zora Neale Hurston, Great Migration, Harlem Renaissance, Marcus Garvey, James Weldon Johnson, Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson, jazz, Louis Armstrong, Bessie Smith Section 3: D.W. Griffith, Charlie Chaplin, Charles A. Lindbergh, transatlantic, Amelia Earhart, F. Scott Fitzgerald, George Gershwin

Changing Roles for Women

Skim through pages 647-648. What are some ways that the role of women in society changed after the passing of the 19 th amendment?

List 1 political change (women in government) List 1 economic change (women at work) List 2 social changes (family roles and flappers) You have 5 minutes.

Urbanization

Read the section “Effects of Urbanization.” With a partner, make a brief list in your notes of the pros and cons of urbanization.

You have 5 minutes.

Conflict over Values

In what ways did urbanization and tough times in rural America lead to the rise of people such as Billy Sunday and Aimee Semple McPherson? (pg. 649-650) 1. What is the term used to describe Sunday’s followers?

2. List 2 things that Sunday preached against.

3. How were McPherson and Sunday different?

The Monkey Trial

Before discussing the trial, let’s watch this video .

Using the information from the video and pgs. 650 651, let’s answer the following: 1. What was the Butler Act?

2. Who were a) Clarence Darrow and b)William Jennings Bryan?

3. What was the point of Scopes violating the law?

4. What impact did the Scopes trial have on the rest of the country?

The Great Migration

On your own, skim 654-655.

1. How did World War I lead to a surge in African-Americans moving northward?

2. What were major cities they migrated to?

3. How were they received by the people who lived in these cities?

4. What happened in Chicago in 1919?

Back to Africa

Search for the following terms using a phone or device. What do they have in common with one another? (If no device, consult 656-657).

1. W.E.B. Du Bois 2. NAACP 3. Marcus Garvey 4. UNIA

The Harlem Renaissance

Read page 657 to determine what the cause of the Harlem Renaissance was. In your notes, list at least 3 characteristics of the Harlem Renaissance.

Key Figures in Literature, Performing Arts, and the Fine Arts

Using your phone or device, quickly look up what each of the following artists did, and list a work of theirs.

1.

Langston Hughes 2. Paul Robeson 3.

Louis Armstrong 4. Bessie Smith 5.

Cab Calloway 6. James Weldon Johnson 7. Claude McKay

Entertaining the Masses

Quickly read page 661. How did the radio create a shared cultural experience for all Americans?

In movies… Charlie Chaplin was the best known actor.

And George Gershwin classical orchestration.

was the master of combining elements of Jazz with elements of

Lucky Lindy and other heroes

Charles Lindbergh was the first to successfully complete a non-stop transatlantic flight. Let’s watch this quick video to see how he was greeted in 1927 in Europe.

Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic as Lindbergh had done.

Sports heroes such as Bobby Jones and Red Grange also became big names during this time.

The Lost Generation

F. Scott Fitzgerald ( Lost Generation.

The Great Gatsby

), Earnest Hemmingway (A Farewell To Arms, The Sun Also Rises), and other writers were referred to as the These were poets, writers, and artists that came of age during the Great War, and in some cases were seen as damaged. The phrase comes from Hemmingway.

Bellringer

Please write the questions and your answer.

What was the Harlem Renaissance, and who were two major figures from the movement? What did these people contribute? (Poetry, music, etc.) Please take a moment to consider your answers.

Key Terms/ People to Know

Section 1: gross national product, Herbert Hoover, buying on margin, Federal Reserve System, Black Tuesday Section 2: hobo, Great Depression, foreclosure, Hooverville, drought, Dust Bowl, Okie, Woody Guthrie Section 3: associative state, Hoover Dam, cooperative, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act

The Good Times…

• Economically, things were going great!

– Vibrant, strong stock market with a lot of investment by average Americans – Profits soared – Very low national unemployment – Buying power of consumers had increased due to welfare capitalism and an abundance of credit.

– Any doubt on behalf of the Federal Reserve is dismissed by business and banks

…slow down...

Some problems were just below the surface.

– In 1929… • 5% of Americans controlled 70% of the wealth.

• 95% controlled only 30% of the wealth.

– Amount of money people saved (savings rate) declined during the 1920s.

– An increase of “buying on margin,” or buying with the financial aid of stockbrokers, promoted very risky investing.

• Margin calls protected brokers from losing money, leaving the investor exposed to the risk.

– Decline in spending by consumers, leading to a large excess supply of goods

…And All Come Crashing Down

1928 1929- September 3 Thursday, October 24

Chain of Events

Friday, October 25 Monday, October 28 Black Tuesday, October 29 • • • • • • Market indicators show 50% increase High point in Market, 27% annual increase Nervous investors begin to sell stocks, creating massive sell-off; some bankers join together to buy huge amount to stop a further sell-off in the next trading cycle Normal trading resumes, some stocks show gains Markets begin to fall once more Complete panic as 16 million shares dumped and some $16 billion are lost in trading

The Times Tells All

“The crowds about the ticker tapes, like friends around the bedside of a stricken friend, reflected in their faces the tale the tape was telling. There were no smiles. There were no tears either. Just the camaraderie of fellow sufferers. Everybody wanted to tell his neighbor how much he had lost. Nobody wanted to listen. It was too repetitious a tale.” -New York Times, October 30, 1929

A Lifetime of Loss

Anyone who bought stocks in mid-1929 and held onto them saw most of his or her adult life pass by before getting back to even.

- Richard M. Salsman, American Economist

“The recent collapse...has no significance…”

With a partner, read pages 678-679.

Describe how the crash effected: 1. Individuals, particularly margin buyers 2. Banks 3. Businesses 4. Other nations You have 15 minutes.

The Great Depression

With a partner, answer the following questions from pages 681-685. This will be turned in. You have 15 minutes.

1. What is a bank run, and how did it cause problems for many Americans?

2. What is foreclosure?

3. Look at the three graphs on page 681. What story do all three tell when looked at together?

4. What was the unemployment rate at the height of the Depression?

5. What was a Hooverville, and how did it get its name?

6. Why were many hoboes men?

7. Describe the Dust Bowl, and how did it make the Depression worse?

8. What were Okies, and how were they treated by many in other parts of the country?

Woody Guthrie

This Land Is Your Land Words and Music by Woody Guthrie This land is your land This land is my land From California to the New York island; From the red wood forest to the Gulf Stream waters This land was made for you and Me.

As I was walking that ribbon of highway, I saw above me that endless skyway: I saw below me that golden valley: This land was made for you and me.

I've roamed and rambled and I followed my footsteps To the sparkling sands of her diamond deserts; And all around me a voice was sounding: This land was made for you and me.

When the sun came shining, and I was strolling, And the wheat fields waving and the dust clouds rolling, As the fog was lifting a voice was chanting: This land was made for you and me.

As I went walking I saw a sign there And on the sign it said "No Trespassing." But on the other side it didn't say nothing, That side was made for you and me.

In the shadow of the steeple I saw my people, By the relief office I seen my people; As they stood there hungry, I stood there asking Is this land made for you and me?

Nobody living can ever stop me, As I go walking that freedom highway; Nobody living can ever make me turn back This land was made for you and me.

The End of Hoover

With a partner, read through section 3 (pgs. 687-691) to answer the following questions. This will be turned in.

1. How did Hoover’s idea of “rugged individualism” address personal responsibility?

2. What was the associative state, and how did the Hoover Dam represent that?

3. Why did Hoover think helping cooperatives would then help farmers?

4. What was the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and why was it created?

5. What was the effect of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff?

6. What was the Bonus Army, and how did Americans react to its treatment by Hoover and the government?