Transcript The Reformation and Counter Reformation

The Protestant Reformation
This material should be a review from your individual
reading and work completed. Read the text for further
explanation.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1. What do you know about the Protestant Reformation?
2. Who was Martin Luther?
3. Read the “Main Idea” on the TOP of p. 449 and explain
how the Protestant Reformation will influence the
catholic church.
The Protestant Reformation
Objectives:
1. Analyze corruption in the catholic church in order to
understand WHY new religious groups (churches) were
formed, and how the catholic church reacted.
2. Analyze the political strife within the Germanic provinces
and how people joined the religious movement to try to
distance themselves from the outside authority.
The CAUSE:
• Roman Catholic Church
– Did not meet spiritual needs of Church
– Concerned w/ worldly pursuits
• Had mistresses, illegitimate children, built large
palaces, etc
– Needed money to finance expensive habits:
• Sold indulgences
– pardons issued to reduce time in purgatory
– (“when the coin in the coffer rings, a soul from hell springs”)
• sold indulgences to gain $ for art/buildings
Martin Luther
• German monk and professor in Wittenberg
Teachings of the Church:
– good works and faith led to salvation
– Indulgences could make up for bad deeds
Luther believed:
• Salvation- justified by faith alone
–
•
did not believe one could work or buy their way into heaven
Bible- only source for religious truth
–
Got rid of man-made church traditions and followed ONLY
what the Bible stated
–
–
–
didn’t need priest for confession b/c of Jesus
Christ was the head of the church, not the Pope
very upset by sale of indulgences
•
(led people away from true salvation)
•
Nailed 95 Theses to church door (1517) attacking
indulgences
– copies spread (printing press)
– Translated Bible into German for the people
•
1520 further split from Church
– only 2 sacraments: Communion and
Baptism
– allowed clergy to marry
•
Excommunicated by Holy Roman Emperor at
Diet of Worms (Luther marries former nun)
Martin Luther
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZ3AFZ
XXX-k&list=PLC8ACBA72AB38CB21
Political Causes:
•
German provinces= Holy Roman Empire
–
•
Controlled by non-Germanic emperor
Charles V (HRE)/Charles I (Spain)
–
ruled most of Europe
– wanted to keep all his lands united and under
Catholic Church
•
Local Germanic rulers supported Luther against
Charles V to prove their independence from the
HRE
–
–
–
Glad to break away from corrupt church who controlled
them
Wanted to rule themselves, not by outsider
Political reason to break away from church…not just
religious
– 1555- forced Charles to sign the Peace of
Augsburg: each ruler to choose religion
Protestantism –
The name given for people who protested
the church and created new reformed
churches
-many reformers began new
churches, there was no ONE
protestant church like the ONE Roman
Catholic Church.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
• Predestination –
– Idea of John Calvin: God chooses
who is saved/damned before they
lived (destiny was pre-set)
– 1536- Calvin structured the city
of Geneva, Switzerland as
example of a city of God
• Rules on colors of clothing, no
jewelry, no dancing, no singing,
church attendance mandatory, etc.
John Calvin
Check
• 1. What was Luther’s argument against
the church in terms of helping people get
to heaven?
• 2. Why would the church feel threatened
by Luther and his teachings?
• 3. Where was Luther spreading his ideas
of the church?
• 4. How did Luther believe people received
salvation?
• The following chart on the Protestant
Reformers is for review and optional.
• Try completing it without the book first.
Protestant Reformers (Ch.15, Sec. 3)
Name:
Luther
Zwingli
Calvin
Knox
Anabaptists
Henry VIII
Place:
Ideas:
The Reformation and Counter
Reformation
QUESTIONS:
1. What is the
Protestant
Reformation?
2. Who is Martin
Luther and why is he
significant?
3. How did geography
and the power struggle
between political
leaders and the church
assist Martin Luther in
his cause?
• On the following slide:
– You do NOT need to record/ memorize
all six of Henry VIII’s wives
- you do need to know his first wife
- you do need to know his three children since
they all rule England after him
- you do need to understand WHY England
changes from being a Catholic country to a
Protestant country ( Henry VIII- but why?)
Reformation in England
• Henry VIII: Pope called him “Defender of the Faith”…
• wife (Catherine- Spanish princess) only had daughter (Mary)
• Needed son (heir) to carry on Tudor line
• Divorce not given= Henry VIII left catholic church
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Wives: “divorced, beheaded, died…divorced, beheaded, survived”
Catherine, Princess of Spain- staunch Catholic; divorced; Mary
Anne Boleyn, English- protestant, “bewitched” Henry; beheaded; Elizabeth
Jane Seymour, English; died in childbirth; Edward (Henry is buried with Jane)
Anne of Cleves- German Princess, “ugly & fat” (according to H.); divorced
Katherine Howard, English, 15yrs, A.B’s cousin, adultery- beheaded
Catherine Parr- English- survived him (mother for kids)
• 2 changes in Church of England:
– 1) King head of church (Act of Supremacy)
– 2) king could get a divorce
– everything else same as Catholic church
Henry, Henry, Henry
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EGzHs
ye71c
• Horrible Histories: Laws of the Tudors
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xXSyQVWz
_A8
Reformation in England
Edward VI (son)
– Ruled for a short time before dying (sickly)
– Advisors strengthened break w/ Catholic church
– Gave Church lands to nobles to gain support
Mary came to throne
– tried to force England back to Catholicism
– killed over 300 Protestants at one time (Bloody
Mary)
– Married Spanish King; became sick and died
Elizabeth became queen
–
–
–
–
–
advisors went back to Protestantism
Was the ‘son’ Henry always wanted
Seen as Golden Age in English history
Most beloved ruler in English history (to most)
Never married
Reformation in England
Was Henry justified in
breaking from the Church?
Clips from “ElizabEth”
•
•
•
•
•
Sickly Queen Mary and a healthy Elizabeth
Elizabeth being crowned
"No Master“
The Transformation from girl into Queen Elizabeth I
Elizabeth: The Golden Age (exploration, war w/Spain, Mary Queen of
Scots)
Counter Reformation/Catholic Reformation
• RC weakened greatly by Protestant
Reformation, things changed in 16th Century:
– formation of the Jesuits
– reform of the papacy
– Council of Trent- addressed corruption
• Jesuits (Society of Jesus)
– founded by Ignatius Loyola
– took vow of absolute obedience to pope
– very missionary minded, education spread message
• 1545 Council of Trent:
– faith & good works - 7 sacraments
– celibacy of priests
- indulgences ok, but no selling
– clear body of doctrine unified Catholics under pope
Counter Reformation
• The following chart comparing the Roman
Catholic Church and the Protestant beliefs
is for review and optional.
• Try completing it without the book first.
Evolution of Western Christianity
• Compare Catholicism and Protestantism (p. 449-460)
Issue:
How to get to heaven:
Head of Christian
Church:
Clergy can marry?
Indulgences?
Practices should
come from
where/whom?
How are Christians
seen on a social
level? Equal?
Catholicism
Protestantism
For additional review:
• Not assigned Spring 2015
Explain…….
• 1. Explain how the political scene in Western Europe aided the protestant cause
during the Protestant Reformation.
• 2. Explain the differences among protestant beliefs.
• 3. What is the technical term for Henry VIII severing his marriage to Catherine of
Aragon, declaring it invalid due to church law?
• 4. Explain the importance of Jesuits to the Counter Reformation. How did the
Counter Reformation differ from the Reformation?
Newscast: Reformations
• With your group, you are going to create a newscast on
the Protestant and Counter Reformations
– (think 5 W’s…who, what, when, where, why)
• You need:
– Anchor(s)
– Interviewer(s) in the ‘field’
– Guest(s) to interview
• Write at least a 1-page dialogue for your newscast, make
sure every person has their own part recorded so you
can perform it easier. A few will BE PERFORMED
TODAY.
• Have fun with it…..
Example Newscast
• Anchor Enter Name-
– “From the studio we are going to our Special Correspondent who is standing by with a
protester! Mrs. Varghese, tell us about this protester.”
• Mrs. Varghese
– “Yes, Hello _______ . Here I find myself on this cold dark and dreary day talking to none
other than the man who started this whole thing….Mr. Martin Luther.
• Anchor– “Oh, wow, so you are actually conversing with THE Martin Luther? Tell us what he has
been doing today while protesting and what exactly is his motivation for protesting this
seemingly holy organization of the church”.
• Mrs. Varghese
– “Mr. Luther, what is your motivation for protesting and how have you been protesting?”
• Martin Luther– “Greetings and God Bless to everyone listening. Due to the corruption within the church
and the wrongful leading of the innocent to the depths of hell, I find myself nailing my 95
Theses on the door here at the local church in Wittenburg, Germany.”
• Mrs. Varghese
– “And what response has the church given you, Mr. Luther?”…… “Oh, my goodness,
Anchor _______ we have some angry people shouting at Mr. Luther”….”Wait….. I think my
sound has been disconnected…hello?”
BREAKING NEWS- The Counter Reformation is beginning.
OR
Reformation Posters
-Create a poster from either the
Protestant Reformers’ perspective or
perspective of the Catholic Church:
• Example:
– Choose a specific Protestant Reformer and show what
they believed (Luther, Calvin, Zwingli, Henry VIII,
Anabaptists)
OR
– Choose a reason the Catholic church thought the
Protestant Reformers/groups were radical and heretics
Must: be in color, use entire piece of paper, correct
spelling, legible, neat, accurate, etc.
Clips on
Elizabeth: The Golden Age
• Things on which to take notes:
– Catholic v. Protestant relations
– Power struggle (religion IS political)
• Absolutism (monarchs with absolute power)
– Historical characters:
•
•
•
•
Elizabeth
Mary, Queen of Scots
Phillip II of Spain
Sir Walter Raleigh
– Fire ships and Spanish Armada