Transcript Manufacturing Safety - Links to dept and Project directories

IENG 475 - Lecture 04
Manufacturing Safety
7/21/2015
IENG 475: Computer-Controlled
Manufacturing Systems
1
Safety Regulation

The Occupational Safety & Health Act of
1970 created:
• NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational
•
Safety and Health) which develops standards,
performs research, and conducts education
and training
OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health
Administration) which enforces standards to
ensure safe and healthy working conditions
7/21/2015
IENG 475: Computer-Controlled
Manufacturing Systems
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OSHA Requirements for
Employers

“Each employer shall furnish to each of
his or her employees employment and a
place of employment free from
recognized hazards that are causing or
likely to cause death or serious harm to
his employees and shall comply with
occupational safety and health standards
under this Act”.
7/21/2015
IENG 475: Computer-Controlled
Manufacturing Systems
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OSHA Requirements for
Employees

Employees have the responsibility to
“…comply with occupational safety and
health standards and all rules,
regulations and orders issued pursuant
to this Act that are applicable to his or
her own actions and conduct”.
7/21/2015
IENG 475: Computer-Controlled
Manufacturing Systems
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Liability

Employers ARE strictly liable for compliance
with OSHA regulations

Employees ARE NOT strictly liable for OSHA
regulations

BOTH employers and employees may be held
to account for safety under general liability
•
Know or could have reasonably foreseen of a problem
and did not take appropriate action
• “Deep Pockets” legal theory applies
• Professional censure for engineers applies
7/21/2015
IENG 475: Computer-Controlled
Manufacturing Systems
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Safety Theory –


Domino Theory
Herbert Heinrich Study (1920s & 1930s):
•
•
•
88% caused by unsafe acts
10% caused by unsafe conditions
2% caused by unavoidable “acts of God”
Sequence of Factors (dominos):
1. Ancestry & Social Environment – predisposing factors
2. Fault of Person (character flaw) – poor choice made
3. Unsafe Act and Physical Hazard – action taken in the
presence of a hazard
4. Accident – unexpected result
5. Injury – outcome of unexpected result
Removing any domino prevents the accident!
7/21/2015
IENG 475: Computer-Controlled
Manufacturing Systems
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Safety Theory –
Human Factors Theory

Humans are error prone – accident is a chain of
events that lead to a human error

Three factors that lead to the error:
•
•
•
Overload – limitations on amount of stress that individuals
can handle
• Working environment
• Health & physical condition
• Personal commitments & problems
• Job responsibilities
Inappropriate Response – (lack of) experience, training,
proper demeanor
Inappropriate Activities – action taken based on incorrect
judgement
Prevent all three to avoid the accident!
7/21/2015
IENG 475: Computer-Controlled
Manufacturing Systems
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Safety Theory – Multiple Causation Theory

Extension of Domino Theory – accidents may
have multiple causes (more than one domino)
but eliminating either one of two categories of
causes will prevent an accident
•
Behavioral – human elements contrary to safe
operations, such as:
• Inadequate skill or training
• Fatigue or inattentiveness
•
Environmental – physical elements contrary to safe
operations, such as:
• Inadequate lighting, housekeeping, noise control
• Inadequate safeguards, personal protective equipment
7/21/2015
IENG 475: Computer-Controlled
Manufacturing Systems
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Four Tools for our Lab




Cause & Effect Diagrams
Check Lists
Supervised Training
Practice
7/21/2015
IENG 475: Computer-Controlled
Manufacturing Systems
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Questions



Be ON TIME to lab next week
For THIS lab, EP paper & instructions
will be provided
Activities:
• Safety Equipment
• Safety Analysis (individual & team)
• Capacity Analysis
7/21/2015
IENG 475: Computer-Controlled
Manufacturing Systems
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