French Revolution Day One - Sharing information through
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Transcript French Revolution Day One - Sharing information through
French Revolution
World History
Causes of French Revolution
Estate System
Enlightenment Ideas
Economic Problems (taxes & crop failures)
Weak Leader – Louis XVI
Unpopular queen – Marie Antoinette
Estates General
Louis XVI decided to raise taxes on
nobility (2nd estate) to deal with economy
2nd Estate refused to pay until called a
meeting of Estates General to approve tax
1st time called in hundreds of years
Each estate gets 1 vote – 3rd Estate happy
b/c think they will have a voice in gov’t
National Assembly
3rd
Estate realizes time to make changes
Votes to re-organize themselves
Call themselves National Assembly –
want an end to absolute monarchy &
representative gov’t
National Assembly will include all estates
& will make laws to benefit all ppl
Tennis Court Oath
At meeting of Estates General, 3rd Estate
locked out of meeting room
Broke down door to indoor tennis court
and said wouldn’t move until a new
constitution which gave them rights was
signed
Pledge called Tennis Court Oath
Declaration of Rights of Man &
Citizen
Many 1st & 2nd Estate joined National
Assembly
Wrote Declaration of Rights of Man
and Citizen stating all “men are born and
remain free and equal in rights”
Leaders adopted slogan of “Liberty,
Equality, Fraternity” for revolution
Panic
King Louis XVI scared so put Swiss guards
around palace for protection
Rumors flew that king was going to use
Swiss guards to get rid of National
Assembly or massacre French ppl
Storming the Bastille
Ppl began to gather weapons to defend
against Swiss guards
July 14, mob looking for gunpowder broke
into the Bastille, a prison
Mob hacked many guards to death then
paraded around the streets with dead
men’s heads on sticks
First violent event of the French
Revolution
Great Fear
Rumors started that nobles were hiring
outlaws to terrorize peasants
Wave of panic called Great Fear went
through countryside
Peasants began to break into noble’s
homes, burn, pillage
Women March
In Paris, thousands of women rioted over
price of bread
w/ knives, axes, etc. marched to Versailles
Broke into palace, killed guards
Demanded that Louis & Marie Antoinette
return with them to Paris
When king & queen left, symbolized
change of power from monarchs to ppl
National Assembly
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of
the Citizen “liberty, property, security, and
resistance to oppression” equal justice,
freedom of speech, freedom of religion
State controlled church: church leaders
now paid by government and elected.
Church lands sold off to pay off France’s
debt
Alarmed many of the peasants who were
devout Catholics
King tries to escape
New Constitution
Limited monarchy
Legislative Assembly: approve laws/war
Factions split the assembly
Radicals: big
changes- no
monarchy
Moderates:
some changes
Conservatives:
Limited monarchy:
Other factions:
Emigres: nobles who wanted the old
regime restored
Sans-culottes “those without knee
breeches” shopkeepers, workers, etc..
Who supported the revolution and wanted
bigger changes
France at War
Austria and Prussia urge France to restore
the monarchy
Legislative assembly declares war
Prussia threatens to destroy Paris if
monarch is harmed
Mob invades the Tuileries and imprisons
the Royal family
September Massacres
Afraid royal supporters will try to break
out of jail, mobs raid French prisons and
massacre over 1,000 prisoners
Under pressure from the mobs, the
Legislative assembly set aside the
constitution of 1791, declared the king
deposed, dissolved the assembly, elected
a new legislative body
The National Convention created a
republic and abolished the monarchy
Jacobins
Radical revolutionaries
Put King Louis XVI on trial and executed
him
Jacobin leaders continued war and drafted
300,000
Robespierre
Jacobins had many enemies including peasants,
priests, and other rebels
Robespierre creates a “republic of virtue”
Wiped away France’s past
New calendar
Closed churches
Committee of Public Safety: protect the
revolution from it’s enemies
“Reign of Terror”
Killed thousands of people, including Marie
Antoinette
National Convention executed Robespierre
Another government…
Executive directory of 5 men (moderates)
Two house legislature
Hired Napoleon Bonaparte to become
General of the French army.
1. June
1791
3. April
1792
2.
September
1791
A.
B.
C.
D.
5.
September
21 1792
4. Aug
10 1792
Legislative Assembly
declares war on Prussia
King Louis XVI executed
Royal family tries to
escape
Robespierre becomes
head of Committee of
Public Safety
6. Jan 21
1793
7. July
1793
8. July
28 1794
E. National Assembly finishes
new constitution
F. Royal family is imprisoned
G. Robespierre sent to the
guillotine
H. Monarchy is abolished,
France becomes a republic
June 1791
C
Royal Family tries to escape
September 1791
E
National Assembly finishes the
new constitution
April 1792
A
Legislative Assembly declares war
on Prussia
August 10 1792
F
Royal Family is imprisoned
September 21 1792
H
The monarchy is abolished,
France becomes a republic
January 21 1793
B
King Louis XVI is executed
July 1793
D
Robespierre becomes the leader
of the Committee of Public Safety
July 28 1794
G
Robespierre is sent to the
guillotine