Transcript Slide 1

Overarching Unit Question:
How does a society evolve
and change?
Specific Essential Questions:
To what extent can revolutions be
viewed as a process?
•
• To what extent are revolutions
successful in implementing
philosophical ideals?
Brinton’s Phase 1:
The Old Order
Causes of the French Revolution
Weak leadership
3
2
Class conflict
Intellectuals speak
out
Weak economy
1
4
Class System in ____________Regime France
Estate
First
Estate
Population
Privileges
Exemptions
> 1% of pop
•High-ranking
clergy
•Collected the tithe
•Censorship of the press
•Control of education
•Kept records of births, deaths,
marriages, etc.
•Catholic faith held honored
position of being the state religion
(practiced by monarch and
nobility)
•Owned 10- 20% of the land
•Paid no taxes
•Subject to
•Moral obligation (rather than legal
Church law
obligation) to assist the poor and needy
rather than civil •Support the monarchy and Old Regime
law
•Collected taxes in the form of
Second
feudal dues
about 2 % of pop
•Monopolized military and state
•Nobles
Estate
appointments
•Owned 20% of the land
Paid no taxes
Support the monarchy and Old Regime
None
•Paid all taxes
•Tithe (Church tax)
•Octrot (tax on goods brought into cities)
•Corvée (forced road work)
•Capitation (poll tax)
•Vingtiéme (income tax)
•Gabelle (salt tax)
•Taille (land tax)
•Feudal dues for use of local manor’s
winepress, oven, etc.
•98% of pop
•Circa 25,000,000
Third
Estate
•Everyone else:
bourgeoisie
(artisans and
merchants),
city workers,
peasants
None
Burdens
Stage 1 Causes of the
French Revolution:
_________________
an assembly of representatives from all
three estates which was called to get
approval for new taxes - rarely called
Each estate ____________________
What was problematic with this setup?
Stage 1 Causes of the
French Revolution:
Enlightenment Ideals
Thinkers such as Voltaire, Rousseau,
Montesquieu, Locke who believed....
Why would these ideas appeal to
the Third Estate?
Stage 1 Causes of the
French Revolution:
Heavy tax burden on ___________________
Widespread crop failures ->
severe_________________, prices rose, and
starvation in 1789
Extravagant spending, inherited war debt, and
poor decision making of the king and queen
(_________________and _______________)
The French Monarchy:
1775 - 1793
Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI
Brinton’s Phase 2:
Moderate Regime
3
2
1
• Financial Breakdown
• Dramatic/Symbolic events
• Old government cannot repress
rebellion
• Moderate government gains control
4
Stage 2 Events:
Because of the money troubles, Louis
XVI called the Estates General for the
first time in _________on May 5, 1789
at ____________.
What was the issue with the one vote
per estate?
How do you think the third estate would
want it changed?
Stage 2 Events:
June 17th, 1789- Third Estate voted to
establish the __________________
(beginning of a representative government in
France)
June 20th, 1789 -________________- The
delegates of the Third Estate who now formed
the National Assembly vowed to not leave
the tennis court until they wrote a constitution
for France.
Stage 2 Events:
__________, 1789
There were rumors that king
wanted to suppress National The Storming of the Bastille!
Assembly
Mob takes over Bastille
(prison that held only 6
prisoners but many
armaments)
Symbolic act of the
revolution as the Bastille was
_______________________
_______________________
Stage 2 Events:
July 17 - August 3
1789
Rumors that nobles
were hiring outlaws
to terrorize the
peasants
Peasants began to
overthrow old feudal
ties - burned legal
papers, broke into
manor houses
________!
Stage 2 Events:
________________
________________
_____________:
6,000 Parisian
women revolt over
price of bread and
marched 12 miles to
Versailles in
October 1789
Demanded action
and forced Louis
XVI to come to Paris
Stage 2 Events:
Declaration of the Rights of Man
August 27th, 1789
Enlightenment influence
Influence of __________________
equality, justice, freedoms
“Liberte, egalite, fraternite” - Slogan of the
French Revolution “________________________________”
How is the D.O.R.M represented?
What is the hidden message? Why did the
revolutionaries use this imagery?
Stage 2 Events:
National Assembly sells off _________ lands
to pay off debt creating a divide between
devout Catholic peasants and bourgeoisie
______________ Louis XVI and his family try
leave France to the Austrian Netherlands but
they are captured
Stage 2 Events:
___________, 1791
Created a ____________________ with
a Legislative Assembly that had the
power to create laws and approve wars
Louis XVI was still king but had little
power
Tax payers and land owners could vote
The Legislative Assembly
_____________ _____________
______________
- Sat on left side of hall
(left wing)
- opposed the king and
monarchy
- wanted sweeping
changes in govt and
proposed that common
people have full power in
a republic
- Sat on the right side of
the hall (right wing)
-upheld the idea of a
limited monarchy
- wanted a few changes in
government
- Sat in center of the hall
(centrists)
- wanted some changes in
government, but not as
many as the radicals
Unrepresented Groups:
1. Emigres - nobles who fled France
2. Poor Parisian shopkeepers
Brinton’s Stage 3:
Crisis
• Radicals Take Control
• Civil/Foreign War
• Strong Man Takes Control
• Terror and Virtue
3
2
1
4
Stage 3 Events:
Radicals
- Sat on left side of hall (left
wing)
- opposed the king and
monarchy
- wanted sweeping changes in
govt and proposed that
common people have full
power in a republic
_______________________Parisian wage earners and
small shopkeepers. Wanted
a greater voice in the
government and an end to
food shortages. Named for
their long pants
_________________
_ - radical political
club that wanted a
republic in France
and NO king
Stage 3 Events:
War!
April 1792 - Legislative Assembly declared war
with________________ who wanted Louis XVI
to be absolute again. The war lasts until 1802.
Prussian and Austrian threats enraged Parisian
revolutionaries who imprisoned Louis XVI and
Marie Antoinette
Angry mobs massacred nobles and clergymen
for _______________
Stage 3 Events:
Down with the King!
September, 1792 - Legislative Assembly
dissolved - created the National Convention
with____________ . Louis XVI tried for treason
and sentenced to death
Leaders:_____________________
January 21, 1793 Louis XVI beheaded by the
guillotine
Guillotine!
Invented by Dr.
Joseph Ignace
Guillotine
________________
Became famous
during the French
Revolution for quick
beheadings
Stage 3 Events:
_______________________becomes
the leader of the Committee of Public Safety in
July1793.
__________________________was a
committee that decided who was an enemy of
the republic
July 1793-July 1794 - Robespierre ruled as a
dictator, executing 3,000-4,000 to protect
revolutionary ideals and virtue
His rule is known as the Reign of Terror
Stage 3 Events:
Who was executed by the Reign of Terror?
________________
Fellow revolutionaries who challenged his
leadership including _________________
Unknown people accused of minimal crimes, for
example, selling sour wine to revolutionaries about _______people executed in Paris ______of people killed were urban poor or
middle class
How does the below statement from after the
beheading of Louis XVI foreshadow the Reign
of Terror?
•
“Now, above all, we need peace in the interior of
the Republic, and the most active surveillance of
the domestic enemies of liberty. Never did
circumstances more urgently require of all citizens
the sacrifice of their passions and their personal
opinions concerning the act of national justice
which has just been effected. Today the French
people can have no other passion than that for
liberty.” - Proclamation of the Convention to the
French People (January 23, 1793)
Is this liberty or not?!
Stage 3 Events:
•
Radical revolutionaries
sought to replace
Catholicism with
devotion to the
Republic of France as
seen through the
changing of the
calendar in Winter of
1793 to reflect the
revolutionary dates
rather then the birth of
Christ
Brinton’s Stage 4:
Recovery
• Return to quieter times
• Tyrant takes over
• Radicals Repressed
• Nationalism
End of Terror and Return
to Quieter Times
July 28, 1794 - Members of National
Convention arrested and guillotined
_______________to save themselves
1795 - Moderates of National
Convention drafted new constitution
with a two house legislature and
executive body of five men called the
Directory
The Rise of Napoleon
• _________________, a military
leader, comes to power through a
“coup d’etat” on November 9th, 1799
and overthrows the weak directory
•
•
He uses the people’s pride and devotion
to France (_____________) to put down
all other radicals
Napoleon eventually crowns himself
Emperor in 1804 and rules till 1814 as
he attempts to take over Europe