Transcript Milady's Standard Instructor's Support Slides

Milady’s Standard Cosmetology
COSMETOLOGY: THE HISTORY
AND OPPORTUNITIES
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Copyright © 2004
by Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning,Inc.
WELCOME
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Cosmetology is a very rewarding profession.
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You may want to be creative, or you may have a desire to help
people look their best and feel good about themselves.
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You may wish for financial security in your new career path.
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You will encounter problems, but you will find solutions.
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Ultimately, you will be rewarded.
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CLIENTS
You play an important role in the
lives of your clients. They seek
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your expertise.
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your artistic vision.
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relaxing and soothing
environment.
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a trusted professional.
Figure 1-1
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YOUR CAREER
In this demanding career, you must
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be a talented hairstylist.
be a personal services expert.
be a businessperson.
be a self-promoter.
be a well-groomed salesperson.
practice sanitation and safety precautions.
have up-to-date knowledge.
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REACHING YOUR GOALS
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Attend all classes.
Arrive for class early.
Have all necessary materials ready.
Listen attentively to your instructor.
Highlight important points.
Take notes for later review.
Pay close attention during summary and review
sessions.
Ask, ask, ask when something is not clear.
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EDUCATION
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Seek further education; never stop learning.
The industry is always changing.
Keep up with new trends, techniques, products.
Read industry magazines and books.
Attend trade shows.
Enroll in advanced educational classes
throughout your career.
Most of all, love what you do, and there are no limits to
the possibilities that await you!
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HISTORY
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Hairstyling/barbering has evolved over centuries as one of the
oldest professions in the world.
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Cosmetology is a term that comes from the Greek word
kosmetikos meaning “skilled in the use of cosmetics.”
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Cosmetology is the art and science of beautifying and improving
skin, nails, and hair, and the study of cosmetics and their
applications.
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The term barber is derived for the Latin word barba, meaning “the
beard or the hair of the beard.”
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EGYPTIANS
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The Egyptians were the first to
cultivate beauty.
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Barbers serviced the nobility and
priesthood of Egypt 6,000 years
ago.
Figure 1-2
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First to use cosmetics for personal
beautification, and in religious
ceremonies, when preparing the
deceased for burial.
Egyptians wore elaborate hairdos
and cosmetics.
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COLORING MATTER
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Ancient records reveal that coloring matter made from
berries, bark of trees, minerals, insects, nuts, herbs, and
leaves was used on the hair, skin, and nails.
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Henna (a dye extracted from the leaves of an
ornamental shrub) was used by the ancients to give a
reddish tint to hair—and still is used today.
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HAIRDRESSING
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Egyptians saw hairdressing as a form of art, and they wore
elaborate wigs and headdresses.
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Both Egyptian and Roman women would apply a mixture of soil and
water to their hair. They then wrapped their hair on wooden rollers to
bake in the sun, thus creating a temporary wave.
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In Africa, hair was groomed with carved combs and adorned with
beads, clay, and colored bands.
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African Masai warriors used braiding extensively to represent their
status within the tribe.
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NAIL CARE
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The first evidence of nail care was prior to 3,000 B.C. in Egypt and
China.
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Egyptian men and women would stain their nails with red-orange
henna.
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The color of a person’s nails was a sign of rank.
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Kings and queens wore deep red; people of lower rank wore only
pale colors.
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In China, nails were painted black and red.
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SIGNIFICANCE IN HAIRSTYLING
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Egyptian, Babylonian, and Roman military commanders
would spend hours before battle getting their hair
lacquered and curled and their nails painted the same as
their lips.
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In Rome, women used haircolor to indicate their class in
society: Noblewomen tinted red, middle-class women
tinted blonde, and the poor women tinted black.
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BARBERING
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Barbering became identified with medicine.
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Barbers figured prominently in the development of
surgery as a recognized branch of medical practice.
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During medieval times, cosmetology and medicine were
taught as combined subjects in English universities.
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Barbers performed bloodletting and minor surgery,
administered herbs, and later pulled teeth.
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BARBERING
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In 1450, a law was enacted that separated the practices
of barbering and surgery, with the exception of dentistry.
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By the late sixteenth century, a law was passed that
officially separated the barbers from the surgeons, and
hairstyling emerged as an independent profession.
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THE BARBER POLE
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The barber pole served as the
symbol of the barber-surgeon.
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The pole represents a staff
patients would hold tightly so that
the veins in their arm would stand
out.
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The cap at the bottom represents
the basin used to catch the blood.
Figure 1-3
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THE BARBER POLE
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White bandages stained with blood would be hung on
the staff to dry and would twist around in the breeze,
forming a red and white pattern.
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In the color scheme of the barber pole, red represents
the blood, blue the veins, and white the bandages.
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Modern day barbers have retained this symbol.
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THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
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This era is marked by research and innovation.
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Marcel Grateau (marcel iron) developed the technique
of using irons for waving and curling the hair—still
known as marcel waving today.
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Alexandre F. Godefroy invented the first hot-blast dryer.
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In 1890, the first hairdressing academy was opened in
Chicago by Brisbois and Federmeyer.
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THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
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Hairstyling began to follow trends.
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Services were available to all classes of people.
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People began to choose their styles based on their own
needs and desires.
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HISTORY OF PERMANENT
WAVING
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In 1905, Charles Nessler invented
a heavily wired machine used to
permanently wave the hair.
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Long hair was wound from scalp
to ends—spiral wrapping.
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The metal rods were heated and
kept away from the scalp by a
complex system of
counterbalancing weights, weights
suspended from an overhead
chandelier mounted on a stand.
Figure 1-4
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AFTER WORLD WAR I
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Women cut their hair into short bobbed styles.
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The croquignole wrapping method was introduced:
Short hair was wrapped from ends toward the scalp.
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In 1931, the preheat method was developed.
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In 1932, the machineless method was introduced.
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Clients were no longer subjected to the dangers and
discomfort of the Nessler machine.
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THE COLD WAVE
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In 1941, the cold wave was developed.
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This perm did not use heat.
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Cold waves replaced virtually all other perming methods.
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Cold perms, usually referred to as alkaline perms, are
very popular today.
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MADAM C. J. WALKER
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The daughter of former slaves, Madam C. J. Walker
transformed herself from an uneducated washerwoman
into one of the twentieth century’s most successful
entrepreneurs—the most notable success story of the
cosmetology industry.
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Suffering from a scalp condition, she experimented with
products and homemade remedies.
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MADAM C. J. WALKER
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She began to sell “Madam Walker’s Wonderful Hair Grower,” a
formula that she claimed came to her in a dream.
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She gave product demonstrations door-to-door throughout the South.
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In 1910, Madam Walker moved her company to Indianapolis, where
she built a factory, hair salon, and a training school.
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She devoted much time and money to the NAACP and YMCA.
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She lobbied for antilynching legislation.
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MADAM C. J. WALKER
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She organized one of the first national business meetings for women.
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She is a pioneer of the modern black hair and cosmetic industry.
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She commented, “If I have accomplished anything in life it is because
I have been willing to work hard.”
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In 1988, the U.S. Postal Service issued the Madam C. J. Walker
commemorative stamp, the 21st in the Black Heritage Series.
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LATE TWENTIETH CENTURY
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The cosmetology industry saw more growth and
expansion than at any other time in history.
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Haircolor that started as henna and vegetable extracts
became a multibillion-dollar industry of professional
products.
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These products create color from blonde to black and
everything in between.
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LATE TWENTIETH CENTURY
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The public’s interest in health and beauty of the skin has
grown.
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Manicuring, pedicuring, and nail extensions have
developed into very popular services.
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THE DAY SPA
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There has been huge growth of the day spa all over the
country.
These day spas offer hair and specialized esthetic
services such as
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aromatherapy.
hydrotherapy.
massage treatments.
nutritional counseling.
What was once a luxury service for the wealthy has
become a routine service for many.
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COSMETOLOGY
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Cosmetology has changed dramatically over the course of
time.
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Due to their expanding role, cosmetologists are required
to know more than ever and to make continuing education
a necessity.
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CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
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Salon Stylist
Haircolor Specialist
Texture Service Specialist
Wig or Extensions
Specialist
Retail Specialist
Skin Care Specialist/
Esthetician
Stylist for TV, Movies, or
Theater
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Makeup Artist
Nail
Technician/Manicurist
Day Spa Stylist or
Technician
Salon Manager
Salon Owner
Product Educator
Cosmetic Chemist
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CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
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Session Stylist
Styles Director/Artistic Director
Design Team Member
Platform Artist
Competition Champion
Educator
Writer
State Board Member
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SUMMARY
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The world of cosmetology offers vast opportunities.
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The salon industry grosses $50 billion a year in revenue.
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To get the most out of your career, you must make the most of your
education.
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Every lesson has something to teach if you can maintain an open
mind and positive attitude.
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Your license will unlock countless doors.
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Your education and personal desire for success will really launch your
career.
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