Transcript Unit 4 Innovation and Inventions

Unit 4
Inventions and Innovations.
ETP 2006 – Jeff Pegg
This material is based upon work supported the National Science foundation under Grant
No. 0402616. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in
this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the
National Science Foundation (NFS).
Systems
• Systems model: Input, Process, Output,
and Feed Back.
• Open and Closed loop systems.
• Systems can be connected to other
systems.
• Different systems require different
Technologies.
• System Malfunctions.
• System Maintenance.
Input, Process and Output
• Input – putting the information in.
Putting gas in the
gas tank of a mower.
Outdoorcleaning.com
• Process – how they are used.
Starting the motor of the mower.
www.oldlawnmowerclub.co.uk
• Output – what is happening. The blade
turns and grass will be clipped.
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Open and Closed Loop Systems.
Open Loop system is when you have a stereo and the music is not loud enough
and you have to get up and walk over the stereo and turn the dial.
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Closed loop system is like a motion detecting light. When it is dark and some one
walks up to the door and the light will turn on for a set amount of time.
But the light does not turn on in the day time or when nobody is walking
towards the light.
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Systems can be connected to other systems.
• System can be used to drive another
system. An example is a CNC Milling
center, a computer designs the program
and the milling machine makes the item.
www.wilseytool.com
Different systems require different
Technologies.
• How would the systems be different in
these two (2) transportation systems?
• Car
adelgigs.com
• Horse
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System Malfunction.
• What happens when a system doesn’t
operate like it is suppose to do?
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System Maintenance.
• To keep the system running properly, one
must perform regularly scheduled
maintenance on the system.
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Who are Engineers?
Engineers are men and women who work in many different
areas of industry. Such as automotive, road building, electronics
chemical industries. They are mothers and fathers, bothers and
sisters, and aunts and uncles. They are people who want to make
thing operate more efficiently.
ieee.uncc.edu
usmilitary.about.com
Sanchez-electric.com
What is Engineering?
• Engineering is the art of directing the great sources of
power in nature for the use and convenience of man.
(Ferguson, 1994)
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nnsv.com
blogcad.com
The engineering method is the use of heuristics to cause
the best change in a poorly understood situation within the
available resources.
(Smith, 2004,p.70)
A heuristic is a particular technique of directing one's attention in learning,
discovery, or problem-solving.
Heuristic is anything that provides a conceivable aid or direction
in the solution of a problem.
Heuristic is unjustified, incapable of justification, and fallible.
It is use to guide, to discover, and to reveal.
Steps in Engineering Design
1. Identify the Problem.
2. Define or “refine” the Problem.
3. Gather information.
4. Develop alternate solutions. (First idea may not be the best).
5. Select and refine the best solution. (The design proposal).
6. Express the design solution. (Sketch or Draw idea).
7. Build a model or Prototype.
8. Evaluate, Revise, and Refine the solution.
9 Communicate the solution.
Standard 2 Students will develop an understanding of the core concepts
of technology.
M. Technological systems include input, processes, output, and at times feedback.
N. Systems thinking involves consideration how every part relates to others.
O. An open-loop system has no feedback path and requires human intervention, while
a closed-loop system uses feed back.
P. Technological systems can be connected to one and other.
Q. Malfunctions of any part of a system may affect the function and quality of the system.
R. Requirements are the parameters placed on the development of a product or system.
S. Trade-off is a decision process recognizing the need for careful compromises among
competing factors.
T. Different technologies involve differently sets of processes.
U. Maintenance is the process if inspecting and servicing a product or system on a regular basis
in order for it to continue functioning properly, to extend its life, or upgrade its capability.
Standard 3: Students will develop an understanding of the relationships among
technologies and the connections between technology and other fields of study.
D. Technological systems often interact with one another.
E. A product, system, or environment developed for one setting may be applied
to another setting.
Standard 5: Students will develop an understanding of the effects
of technology on the environment.
F. Decisions to develop and use technologies often put environmental and economic concerns
in direct competition with one another.
G. Humans can devise technologies to conserve water, soil, and energy through such techniques
as reusing, reducing and recycling.
Standard 9: Students will develop an understanding of engineering design.
F. Design involves a set of steps, which can be performed in different sequences and repeated as needed.
G. Brainstorming is a group problem-solving design process in which each person in the group presents his
or her ideas in an open forum.
H. Modeling, testing, evaluating, and modifying are used to transform ideas into practical solutions.
Standard 11: Students will develop abilities to apply the design process.
H. Apply a design process to solve problems in and beyond the laboratory-classroom.