Presented by : Dra. Nenden Rainy S.

Rian Rinaldi S.S.

Clauses in English :

Adjective Clause Noun Clause Adverbial Clause Independent Clause

Phrase

A group of words that forms a new meaning Example : a red rose three black bears

Kind of Phrases

Noun + Noun. Ex : Lake house, Glass shoes, etc.

Adjective + Noun. Ex : Big house, bad boy, beautiful girl, etc.

Adverb + adjective + noun. Ex : A very handsome man, ten million dollars deal, etc.

Clause is

A group of words that has function (subject-verb-object-complement).

Each word or phrase constitutes its own function Can and may be attached to another clause Example : A man crossed the road Luna Maya is Mr. Rian’s ex-girlfriend

Phrase or Clause?

 The big lake  She went into the class  The most climatically-comfortable city in Indonesia  Going to the moon and back  Sing for absolution!

 You are my everything

Adjective Clause

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Adjective clause is clause that functions as adjective.

Adjective’s function is to DEFINE NOUN

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Adjective clause is clause that defines NOUN

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Adjective clause starts with RELATIVE PRONOUNS

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Example : She is the man who worked as the manager in that company

Relative Pronouns

   Whose   Who Whom Which Where :Human as Subject. Ex : He knows the girl who hit him last night. :Human as Object. Ex : He knows the girl whom he hit last night.

:Possessive Ex : He knows the girl whose hair is red :Non-Human. Ex : He knows the car which his wife likes.

:Time. Ex : He knows the exact time when the girl was killed.

Relative Pronouns

 Where   Why How :Place. Ex : He points out the house where he was kept.

:Reason. Ex : He doesn’t know the reason why they left so early.

:Way. Ex : He cannot understand the way how they escaped.

Noun Clause

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Clause that function AS NOUN

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Clause that REPLACES NOUN

Functions of Noun and Noun Clause

  As Subject (Why you are here is unimportant) As Object of Verb (She doesn’t like what she has just seen)  As Object of preposition (She cannot stop thinking about where his son is)  As Subjective Complement (You are what you want)

 What  Why  Who  Whom  Whose  Where  When

Relative Pronouns used in Noun Clause

How Whatever However Wherever Whenever

Adverbial Clause

 Clause that functions as adverb or complement  Gives detailed information to the MAIN CLAUSE  Can both precede and follow main clause

Kinds of Adverbial Clause

 Adv Clause of Time : When, whenever,b4 ex : I remember the day when you left me She gets crazy whenever she sees you  Adv Clause of Place : Where, wherever ex : People always recall the place where they were born I’ll go wherever You will go

Kinds of Adverbial Clause

 Adv Clause of manner : as if, as though ex : The girl smiled as if she were Mona Lisa He fixed the car as though he were trained  Adv Clause of purpose : so that, in order that, in order to ex : Chris John are training hard so that he can win the title We eat in order to stay alive

Kinds of Adverbial Clause

 Adv Clause of reason : because, since, for, as ex : I hate her because she lied to me She felt tired for she had worked too hard  Adv Clause of result : so…that, such…that ex :She is so adorable that everybody likes her She has such beautiful eyes that I’m in love

Kinds of Adverbial Clause

 Adv Clause of degree : - Comparative : …than… ex : She is smarter than me - Parallel : the… the… ex : The more you eat, the fatter you get

Kinds of Adverbial Clause

 Adv Clause of Concession : although, in spite of, despite ex : She went to school although it was raining  Adv Clause of Contrast : while, whereas ex : Chris John is short, while James Douglas is tall

More examples :

 Time -We got to have a pray whenever we hear Adzan.

- I still feel sad when you passes me over - Wake me up when September ends - I feel sick whenever I think about you - Luna Maya will stay in my house when we get married.

PLACE

 Jihan Fahira will stay in the house where Rully stays.

 Mariana Renata feels that she has found her real soul mate wherever she saw me  Yenis will go to anyplace where Yulia ask him to go  Sony went into the palace where Kristy was waiting for him with love

MANNER

 She held my hand tightly as if it was the end of the world   Jihad kissed the princess as though he were Cassanova Mila is flying in Jihad’s mind as if she were an angel from heaven.