Transcript COMMUNITY SUPERVISION OF JUVENILE SEX OFFENDERS

The Effective Management of Juvenile
Sex Offenders in the Community
Section 5:
Supervision
Goals
• Define “success-oriented” philosophy and
approach
• Explain how to begin to develop
comprehensive and individualized
supervision plans
• Highlight specific strategies used for
supervising juvenile sex offenders
• Outline ways in which multidisciplinary
collaboration can enhance supervision
efforts
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A Success-Oriented Philosophy and
Approach
Recent Emphasis of Supervision
• Surveillance
• Monitoring compliance
• Deterrence
• Sanctioning
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Effectiveness of “Get Tough” Strategies
20%
poorer
outcomes
10%
0%
-10%
better
outcomes
-20%
surveillance-oriented
reduced supervision caseloads
deterrence programs
shock incarceration
boot camps
scared straight
(Aos et al., 2001; Lipsey & Wilson, 1998)
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A Balanced Supervision Approach
• Beyond surveillance, monitoring,
deterrence, and sanctioning
• Emphasizes rehabilitation
• Successful, productive youth translates
into safer communities
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Effectiveness of Rehabilitation and SuccessFocused
Strategies
10%
poorer
outcomes
0%
-10%
-20%
-30%
-40%
-50%
better
outcomes
-60%
-70%
supervision w/coordinated services
supervision w/advocacy & casework
supervision w/multiple services
supervision w/behavioral programming
supervision w/counseling
(Aos et al., 2001; Lipsey & Wilson, 1998)
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What Does It Mean to
“Focus on Success?”
• Ensure that youth meet expectations
• Hold youth accountable for behaviors
• Collaborate with others to improve
functioning and promote stability of
youth
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Potential Collaborative Partners
• Treatment providers
• Parents and/or caregivers
• Victim advocates
• School personnel
• Youth mentors
• Faith community members
• Community volunteers
• Employers
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Implications for Supervision Officers
• Case management role
• Ongoing communication with providers
• Actively support youth in treatment
• Become familiar with “what works” and
how it works
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Developing Supervision Plans
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Supervision Case Plans
• Guided by
• Risk and needs
• Strengths and assets
• Environmental factors
• Needs of victims and vulnerable parties
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Standard Supervision Conditions
• Curfew restrictions
• Drug testing
• Prohibitions against associations with
delinquent peers
• School attendance
• Reporting requirements
• Community service
• Restitution
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Specialized Conditions
• Internet or computer restrictions
• Limits on TV programming and video
games
• Prior approval of extracurricular and
employment activities
• Restrictions on contact with victims
or other vulnerable individuals
• Follow all treatment
recommendations
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Examples of Approach Goals
• Participate in prosocial recreational
and leisure activities
• Achieve and maintain positive school
adjustment
• Establish positive peer groups
• Secure appropriate employment
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Collaboration Enhances Supervision Planning
• Access key information from multiple
sources
• Cover all bases
• Increased awareness of changes over
time
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Matching Supervision Intensity with Level
of Risk and Needs
Virginia Department of Juvenile Justice Supervision Matrix
High Risk
Moderate Risk
Low Risk
First 90 days
Level 5
Level 4
Level 3
Months 4-6
Level 4
Level 4
Level 3
Months 7-12
Level 4
Level 3
Level 2
Months 13-18
Level 3
Level 3
N/A or Level 2
Months 19-24
Level 2
N/A or Level 2
N/A or Level 1
After Month 24
N/A or Level 1
N/A or Level 1
N/A or Level 1
Community
Supervision Period
24-30 Months
18-24 Months
12-18 Months
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High, Moderate, or Low Risk?
• Structured determination based on
• Interviews of and information from the
juvenile, family/caregivers, and others
• Review of written information collected
• Department of Juvenile Justice risk
assessment tool
• J-SOAP-II and CANS-SD results
• Psychosexual and psychological
evaluations
• Sex Offender Risk Checklist
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Accompanying Contact Requirements
• Level 5
• 3 or more face-to-face contacts per week
• Level 4
• 2 or more face-to-face contacts per week
• Level 3
• 1 or more face-to-face contacts per week
• Level 2
• 1 or more face-to-face contacts every other week
• Level 1
• 1 or more face-to-face contacts per month
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Supervision Strategies
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Community Support Networks
• Serve as role models
• Engage juveniles in positive social
interactions and activities
• Provide positive reinforcement
• Help youth to use skills learned in
treatment
• Monitor and respond to high risk
behaviors and situations
• Communicate openly with supervision
officers about progress and problems
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Challenges with Involving Parents
• Feeling overwhelmed by “the system”
• Multiple, confusing, duplicative expectations
• History of negative encounters with the
system
• Professionals’ assumptions about and
responses to families
• Stigma associated with sex offending
• Less than ideal family dynamics
• Having to “choose” one child over another
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Tips for Engaging Parents
•
•
•
•
Be patient
Educate
Normalize denial and resistance
Process the contributors to denial and
resistance
• Provide information
• Identify common ground and common goals
• Offer education classes and support groups
– or make referrals to them
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Initial Contacts in the Office Setting
• Establish a positive rapport
• Review all paperwork
• Make referrals to appropriate providers
• Allow time for questions
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Ongoing Contacts in the Office Setting
• Identify other community support network
members
• Review and modify the case plan
• Discuss management of risk factors and
lapses
• Inquire about successes
• Check in about treatment progress
• Verify information provided by others
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Conducting Home Visits
• Observe family member interactions
• Evaluate environmental risk factors
• Consider access to victims and vulnerable
individuals
• Review safety plans
• “Check in” with parents/caregivers and others about
all spheres of youth’s life
• School and homework
• Peers
• Compliance with curfew
• Recreation and leisure
• Behavior
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Working with the Schools
• Policy-driven approach
• Specialized training
• Inclusion of school personnel as
community support network members
• Individualized school management
plans
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Benefits of Specialized Caseloads
• Youth supervised by experienced and
knowledgeable officers
• Consistent and informed policies,
procedures, and practices
• Tend to be smaller
• Positive working relationships between
officers and treatment providers
• Increased officer knowledge about local
programs and resources
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Challenges of Specialized Caseloads
• Can cause problems or burdens for
others (e.g., larger general
caseloads)
• Not always practical
• Risk of burnout and secondary
trauma
• Difficulties identifying willing and
competent staff
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Resources
• Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (ATSA)
• www.atsa.com
• National Adolescent Perpetrators Network (NAPN)
• Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
• www.ojjdp.ncjrs.gov
• National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
(NCJFCJ)
• www.ncjfcj.org
• Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM)
• www.csom.org
• National Center on Sexual Behavior of Youth (NCSBY)
• www.ncsby.org
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Use of the Polygraph in Supervision
• Recognize limitations and
controversies
• Limit to stable youth over the age of
14
• Informed consent
• Not a “silver bullet”
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Factors to Consider when Responding to
Violations
• Seriousness of the behavior
• Risk level
• Degree to which community safety was
jeopardized
• Whether the juvenile disclosed his
behavior
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Factors to Consider (Continued)
• How much responsibility the youth is
taking
• Family considerations
• Level of awareness
• Willingness to support
• Presence of assets and services in
the community
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Responding to Violations
• Taking steps to prevent them is more
effective than responding after the
fact
• Individualization is critical
• The more options the better
• Intermediate sanctions should
become progressively more severe
for ongoing non-compliance
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Responding to Violations (Continued)
• Don’t ignore problems
• Get to the bottom of a violation before
responding
• Ensure that juveniles are aware of the
consequences
• Empower officers to take immediate and
appropriate action
• Written guidelines can be helpful
• Collaboration is key
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Summary
Key Points
• Success as means of public safety
• Comprehensive, individualized, and
fluid supervision plans
• Specialized strategies
• Multidisciplinary collaboration
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