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Exploring Nazi Fascism
Social 30-2
Question for Inquiry
• How was fascism in Nazi Germany a rejection
of liberalism?
• Understanding of Fascism- political, economic,
and social factors.
– Bottom of page 172
Political Spectrum
• Look at the political spectrum on the top of
page 173.
• What is the difference between Fascism and
Communism?
Fascism
• Comes from the Italian
word fascio, and the Latin
word fasces. Means “sticks
bundled around an axe”.
– Ancient Roman symbol of
power and authority.
• First leader to apply this
term to themselves was
Benito Mussolini, an Italian
dictator.
Fascism
• Rejected the Communist
values of egalitarianism and
the empowerment of the
working classes.
• Rejected liberal political
ideas and communist
economic ideas, while also
proposing radical social
ideas incompatible with
both liberalism and
communism.
Fascism
• Democratic governments
seemed weak, unstable,
and unable to solve
social, economic, and
political problems.
• Fascist viewpoint- society
as a whole has a shared
purpose. Want their
particular nation-state to
dominate all other
nations of the world.
Fascism
• Believe that
goals can be
achieved
through
discipline,
obedience,
and the
creation of an
all-powerful
state.
Social Darwinism
• Origin of Species- Charles
Darwin
– Proposed that animals evolve
through competition and
natural selection.
– Strongest and fittest survive.
• Social Darwinism
– Promotes the notion that
some individuals or groups
achieve power and advantage
over others because they are
stronger and fitter.
Ideologies Associated With Social
Darwinism
• Laissez-Faire
Economics
– Hands off economics
– Businesses compete
through competition
– Weaker companies
die off because they
cannot keep up
Ideologies Associated With Social
Darwinism
• Eugenics
– Ideology based in the
“improvement” of the
human race through
selective breeding, or
genocide.
– Promote the
reproduction of people
with certain traits.
– Fascists adopted this
policy to justify their
discrimination of certain
groups.
Germany: How Come Fascism?
• Economic Problems
– Hit hard by the effects of
the stock market crash
known as ‘Black Tuesday’
– Great Depression hit
them especially hard
because of the effects of
the Treaty of Versailles
(page 175)
– Extreme inflation cause
by great depression also
had dramatic results.
(page 175)
Germany: How Come Fascism?
• Political Problems
(Weimar Republic)
– Rapid inflation, high
unemployment
– No clear leader or
strong leader
– Lost support with
Germans because
they accepted the
terms of the Treaty
of Versailles
Rise of Hitler
• National Socialist
German Workers’ Party
(Nazi’s)
– 1923- believed that he
needed to seize power by
force.
– Failed, sent to jail. Nazi
party was banned.
– While in jail, wrote a book
on his understanding of
Fascism, known as Mein
Kampf (My Struggle).
Rise of Hitler
• 1925- Hitler
promises to use legal
means promote
politics, and was
released from
prison.
– Nazi party begins
fighting with the
Communist party of
Germany in bloody
street fights.
Rise of Hitler
• Hitler blamed many
people for the
downfall of Germany
– The Weimar
government
– Communists
– Jewish population
– Etc.
• When a country is in
trouble, they are
more susceptible to
accept blaming others
as a valid excuse.
Germany: How Come Fascism?
• The German
people began to
look for a strong
leader who could
fix the country’s
problems.
– National Socialist
German Workers’
Party (Nazi’s)
– Hitler elected to
lead Germany in
1933.
How Did Hitler Gain Power?
• Jan 30- 1933: Hitler is
Chancellor, leader of
the democratically
elected government.
• Feb 27- 1933:
– Reichstag (parliament
building) on fire
– Nazi party blamed it
on a member of the
Communist party
– Were able to gain
popular vote
How Did Hitler Gain Power?
• Due to the situation, a
quick election was
called.
– The Nazi’s gained the
majority of the seats in
parliament.
• Enabling Act
– All political opposition
wiped out
– Hitler becomes the
Absolute leader
– No longer a democracy,
now a dictatorship
– Fuhrer
Nazism
• Hitler’s own form of
Fascism
– One superior race, the
Aryans
• Techniques used (page
178):
–
–
–
–
Propaganda
Youth Movements
Elimination of Opposition
Use of Terror and Force (
SA, and SS)
– Scapegoats
Eugenics
• ‘Master Race’ of the
German people were
called upon to rebuild
their empire.
– The Third Reich
– Nazi’s believed that
they must get rid of
anyone who didn’t
uphold Nazi values.
– Jews, Roma,
homosexuals, mentally
and physically
handicapped, Blacks,
Slovaks, Catholics.
Techniques of Dictatorships
• Listed on page 179.
The Totalitarian State:
Nazi Germany
Propaganda:
•
•
•
•
•
Posters
Statues
Nazi Weddings
Rallies/Parades
Cartoons Walt Disney Hitler´s children
• Swastikas
– Continuity and Rebirth
– Black = Power
– Red = Blood, symbolized arms
and strength and mobility
• Flags
• Radio
• Films
– Triumph of the Will (1935)
Triumph of the Will
(1934)
This Nazi propaganda poster reads, ‘Behind
the enemy powers: the Jew.
“The Eternal Jew”
Depiction of a Jew holding gold coins in one hand and a
whip in the other. Under his arm is a map of the world, with
the imprint of the hammer and sickle. Posters like this
promoted a sharp rise in anti-Semitic feelings, and in some
cases violence against the Jewish community.
Indoctrination:
•
Mien Kampf
•
Book burning destroyed any ideas written
by others
•
– Penned in prison becomes the Nazi bible
– Freud
– Einstein
Schools taught Hitler’s ideas
– Hatred of Jewish race
• Reeducation of universities all ‘Jewish’
ideas removed (any books written by or
edited by Jewish people were removed)
– Aryan Race
– Oath of allegiance to Hitler
•
Hitler Youth
•
Controlled religion
– Promoted young children into paramilitary
clubs
– All other youth clubs were illegal
– Hitler Youth
– Concordat with the Church
– Protestant churches were already
supportive
– Ultimately Hitler wanted to remove all
aspects of religion and replace it with Nazi
values
Hearts and
Minds:
Use of Force:
•
Brown Shirts SA
– Private army (Free Corps)
– Storm Troopers
•
Night of long Knives June 30 1934
– Roehm and the SA (Brown shirts) were
eliminated
– All other political opposition to Hitler were
assassinated
– Establishes the supremacy of the SS and
Himmler
•
Kristallnacht November 9 1938
– Night of Broken glass
– State sponsored Terrorism against
Germany
•
Gestapo
– Special police force who’s primary job was
to protect Hitler and the German cause
– This branch of the SS wa charged with
ensuring that the population was
controlled
– Eventually they will operate the
concentration camps and death camps
Direction of Popular Discontent:
• Jewish people
– Blamed for Germany’s problems
• Communists
– Believed that everyone was equal
– This was contrary to Nazi philosophy
– Blamed for burning the Reichstag
• Treaty of Versailles
– Germany was defeated in WWI and had to sign this treaty
– Stated that Germany was solely to blame for starting the war
– Resulted in economic collapse of the German nation
• Weimar Republic
– Signed the Treaty of Versailles
Direction of Popular Discontent:
Controlled Participation:
• Enabling Act
– Only one party allowed in
Germany
– Nazi Party
• Huge rallies
– Olympics
– Military parades
• Nuremberg Rallies
• Unemployed went to work
– Limited role in government
• Voting
– Only Nazis could vote
– Plebiscites for the appearance of
democracy
• Withdrawal of League of Nations
• Hitler and Hindenburg
– Use of force and coercion
– Der Fuehrer's Face-1942
Italian Corporate State:
• Mussolini hoped that through combining both Labor
and business interest that he could avoid labor
problems
• When the depression hit Italy the economy was not
in a strong position as Mussolini had been liberal
with his budgets and was consistently running a
deficit
• Mussolini established state run corporations to
control the economy
• In practice they were not efficient and led to
corruption
Nazi Party
Leadership
Ministry of
Economic Affairs
German Labour
Front
National
Economic Chamber
National
Food Estate
Regional Party
Leaders
Regional Chambers of
Industry and Commerce
Local Party
Leaders
Local Chambers of
Industry and Commerce
Nazi Party
Factory Cells
Tourist business
Industrial firms
Commercials firms
Banks
Insurance companies
Energy companies
Crafts
Farms
Foodshops
Food distributors
CONSUMERS
Judiciary
Executive
Legislature
Head of
Appointed Judges
Fuhrer
Decide Policy
Appointed
Ministers
Courts
Cabinet
Reichstag
Decided
Cases
Ministers
Implement
Laws
Voters
Approve Laws
NSDP
Hitler’s Economy:
• Hitler inherited an economy that was close to collapse
• He was able to turn the German economy around through a
series of radical changes National Socialism (Nazi)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Rearmament
Rapid expansion of the military
Stoppage of reparation payments from the treaty of Versailles
Huge public works programs
Establishment of an elite who controlled the economy
Forced labor
Limited consumer goods
Huge increase in Government spending
Chapter 7 Assignment:
• Communism
– ‘Industrialization in Defence’
• Page 167 Questions 1-2
– ‘Modern Russian Leader, Valdimir Putin’
• Page 170 Questions 1-3
– ‘Knowledge and Understanding’
• Page 171 Questions 1-3
• Fascism
– ‘Hitler on Communism’
• Page 178 question 1
– ‘Industrialization and Five Year Plans’
• Pages 181-182 Questions 1-4
– ‘Further Exploration’
• Pages 183 Questions 2-4
Why The Right Side Of The Spectrum?
• Hitler rejected all aspects of liberal views that
went against the state.
– So why is Fascism on the right side?
• Because his economic policies were
individualist. He believed that economics
would be based on individual aspects, as long
as it benefited the state.