Transcript INTER Project - Univerzita Karlova v Praze

Unit 4
Multiculturalism & racism
Laura Laubeova
[email protected]
http://minorities.fsv.cuni.cz/
Unit Structure
• Presentation on Rex by Julia
• Activity on inclusion
• Racism, discrimination
• Inclusion, rights, equity
• Homework 2 - Vocabulary of Discrimination
Activity:
Diamond ranking exercise to help you
think about INCLUSION
• There are nine concepts listed on the next slide. Copy
them onto slips of paper. Feel free to substitute your
own ideas for any of them, but you need to work with
nine concepts. In groups of three, do a diamond
ranking exercise in which you decide between you
which (in your view) is the most important idea for
INCLUSION, which are the next two most important
ideas, then three, then two again, ending up with the
one you think is less important than the others. It is
not a competition, there are no “right or wrong”
answers; merely a game to get you to think about the
respective ideas.
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•
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Tolerance and respect for others
Strong opinions about issues
Willingness to allow others their point of view
Everyone has an equal right to vote
Notions of being fair to a minority
The majority decides
A strong/charismatic leader to hold the
factions together
• Becoming helpfully involved in the life and
concerns of your neighbourhood
• AS A GROUP, YOU DECIDE ON THE NINTH
STATEMENT
1
2
4
3
5
7
6
8
9
Multiculturalism
• Descriptive
• Normative- see bellow
• Government policy
(Canada, Australia)
• Institutional policies
(UK – racial equality, CERES)
Multiculturalism – cont.
• Conservative (diversity as a deficit, communit.)
• Left essentialist (Afrocentrism, also comm.)
• Liberal (natural equality, lack of opportunities,
decontextualisation, depolitisation)
but procedural liberalism vs communitarian liber. –
Kis, Taylor, Kymlicka (see also politics of recognition)
• Pluralist - salad bowl (exoticism, affirmation) vs
melting pot
Multiculturalism – cont.
• Critical MC (Frankfurt School, power,
emancipation, soc. justice, self reflection)
• Antiracist (life chances - CERES)
• Reflexive (Ali Ratansi – Derrida + Giddens)
• Cosmopolitan
• Ethnicity as habitus (Bourdieu)
• Hybridity (H. Bhabha, Paul Gilroy, St. Hall)
rooting vs shifting
(see S. May, P. McLaren, etc)
QUIZ
Just one question to torture your
memory…
Referring to the reader
what is the difference
between multicultural and
plural societies?
Furnivall in all three texts
MC- Context
V. Parrillo: three models of minority integration:
• Assimilation (majority- comformity)
• Amalgamation (melting pot)
• Accommodation (pluralism) (multiculturalism)
Multiculturalism = diversity + cooperation
Parrillo, 1997
Assimilation
• cultural (acculturation)
• marital
• structural (entrance into host society at
all levels)
Milton Gordon in Parrillo, 1997
• Voluntary vs forced
• assimilation trap, double bind (Baubeck)
Melting Pot (MP) Theory
1782 de Crevecoeur: „new breed of humanity“
1893 Fred. Turner- frontier thesis „…merging…
new product which held the promise of world
brotherhood“
1952 triple melting pot: Protestant, Catholic,
Jewish
Etc.
MP = Anglocomformity (Parrillo 1997: 59)
Multiculturalism – cont.
Eva Sobotka: policies twds the Roma in CEE:
•
•
•
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Exclusion
Assimilation
Co-existence
Multiculturalism
Sobotka 2003
Multicultural Policy target
groups/requirements
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Indigenous (Nunavat, Sami)
National minorities (Canada, Europe)
Legal immigrants (USA, Australia)
Irregular & illegal immigrants – denizens/metics
AfroAmericans
Roma, Ch. Jews, Amish, etc
See Unit 3
Kymlicka –
stages: communitarian, liberal, nation building
Multiculturalism – cont.
Integration, inclusion, inclusive education
Intercultural vs multiculrural
Politics
of redistribution,
of recognition (Frazer) –
• politics of equal dignity (Autonomy) &
• politics of difference (Authenticity) (Taylor)
Racism & isms
……… sexism, disableism, ageism, homophobia
Neil Thompson
Racism can be defined as an attitude (ideology) or
action (behaviour) that disadvantages
individuals or groups on the basis of their
“racial” inferiority[1], mainly by means of
limiting their access to scarce resources.
1] Racial difference or racial inferiority is often
perceived or constructed in terms of different
culture, ethnicity, religion, language, etc.
Explanations of racism:
1. Psychological ”Some people are like that”
2. Lack of knowledge, ignorance
„To know is to love“
3. Intergroup relations ”Birds of a feather”
4. Individuals are racists because the
structures, practices, and values of our
society are racist.
”Its the system”
Discrimination/isms:
Personal – Cultural - Structural
Neil Thompson
P
C
S
Racisms – cont.
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•
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from violent attacks or scapegoating
to paternalistic crypto-racist assistance to m.
tendency to deny racism (unacceptable)
two main meanings:
1) ideology (beliefs) about racial superiority
2) “the whole complex of factors which produce
racial discrimination” and sometimes also
“those which produce racial disadvantage”
Cashmore
Racism as ideology
1. the so called “scientific racism of the 19th century”,
manifested for example in the publication by
Herrnstein, Murray, 1995
2. “popular” racism or “common sense” racism that is
based on ethnocentrism, a tendency to believe
that one´s own cultural paradigm is universal,
neutral and superior to any other culture
In other words…
Racism
1. denies
all
difference in the name of
universality of the human nature, but
unconsciously it takes back this universality to
the dominant model;
2. uses the obvious differences to turn them into
instruments of
domination, exploitation,
condemnation, exclusion, or extermination.
Racisms- cont.
„Racism, in short, involves
(a)stereotypes about difference and inferiority
(b)use of power to exclude, discriminate, subjugate“
The Parekh Report, 2000
Attitudes
Behaviour
Structures
Prejudice
Discrimination
Inequality
Racisms – cont.
Prejudice
Discrimination
Exclusion
Assimilation and Racism (Bauböck)
assimilation is possible
yes
no
yes
compulsory
assimilation
racist
double-bind
no
pluralism
segregation
assimilation
is required
assimilationist policies
inclusiveness
Assimilationist model
DIFFERENCE
DEFICIT
ASSIMILATION
ASSIMILATION
COMPENSATORY PROGRAMMES
Does the individual fit
into the System or ‘Institution’?
Curriculum (Multiculturalism) model
Cultural Effects
CULTURES
LIFESTYLES
ATTITUDES
PLURALIST
PLURALIST
TOLERANCE AND HARMONY
Does the organisation of this ‘institution’
recognise Diversity ?
Equity/Rights Model
Social and Political Effects
EQUITY
PARTICIPATION
ANTIDISCRIMINATORY
ANTIDISCRIMINATORY
LIFE CHANCES
Are people enabled in this ‘institution’?
Do the structures allow for
achievement, growth and opportunities?