Transcript chapter
chapter 19 Motor Development John C. Ozmun and David L. Gallahue TIE T = task requirements I = individual differences E = environmental factors A Transactional Model of Causality in Motor Development and Movement Skill Acquisition Categories of Movement • Stability • Locomotion • Manipulation Motor Development Theoretical Frameworks • Dynamic systems theory • Phases of motor development Dynamic Systems Theory • Affordances—enabling factors • Rate limiters—inhibiting factors Phases of Motor Development • • • • Reflexive Rudimentary Fundamental Specialized Reflexive Movement Phase • Information encoding stage (in utero to 4 months) • Information decoding stage (4 months to 1 year) Rudimentary Movement Phase • Reflex inhibition stage (birth to 1 year) • Precontrol stage (1 to 2 years) Fundamental Movement Phase • Initial stage (2 to 3 years) • Elementary stage (4 to 5 years) • Mature stage (6 to 7 years) Specialized Movement Phase • Transition stage (7 to 10 years) • Application stage (11 to 13 years) • Lifelong utilization stage (14 years and up) The Hourglass: Gallahue’s Lifespan Model of Motor Development Reprinted, by permission, from D.L. Gallahue and J.C. Ozmun, 2002, Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults, 5th edition (Boston: McGraw-Hill), 92. Infant Reflexes • Primitive reflexes • Postural reflexes Selected Primitive Reflexes • • • • • • Moro Asymmetrical tonic neck Symmetrical tonic neck Grasping Babinski Sucking Selected Postural Reflexes • • • • • • Labyrinthine righting Supportive reactions Pull-up Stepping Crawling Swimming Infant Reflexive Behavior Indicating Possible Neurological Developmental Delay • • • • Nonexistence of reflex response Weakness of reflex response Asymmetrical reflex response Persistence of reflex response Selected Rudimentary Movement Abilities (Stability) • • • • Control of head and neck Control of trunk Sitting Standing Selected Rudimentary Movement Abilities (Locomotor) • Horizontal movements • Upright gait Selected Rudimentary Movement Abilities (Manipulative) • Reaching • Grasping • Releasing Selected Fundamental Movement Abilities (Manipulative) • • • • Throwing Catching Kicking Striking Selected Fundamental Movement Abilities (Locomotor) • • • • Running Jumping Hopping Galloping