Transcript fundamental motor skills

AS Physical Education
Classification of abilities
relating to movement skills
What is skill?
 “Skill is the learned ability to bring about
predetermined results with maximum
certainty, often with the minimum outlay of
time or energy or both.”
 (Knapp)
What is ability?
Abilities
Support & Underpin
Skill
Stable & enduring
Innate / genetically
determined
Ability
 “An inherited, relatively enduring trait that
underlines or supports various kinds of motor and
cognitive activities or skills. Abilities are thought
of as being largely genetically determined.”
(Schmidt)
 “Abilities are usually thought of as stable and
enduring traits that underpin skills and contribute
to the speed with which individuals learn
psychomotor skills and to the quality of their
performance.” (Bull)
Types of ability
 Fleishman (1972) identified two types
of ability:
 Gross motor ability
 Psychomotor ability
Gross motor abilities
(Physical proficiency abilities)
 Dynamic strength
 Dynamic flexibility
 Static strength
 Gross body co-
 Explosive strength
ordination
 Gross body
equilibrium
 Trunk strength.
 Stamina
 Extent flexibility
Task
 Watch the video clip ‘Types of ability’ and
make notes.
 For each of the gross motor abilities,
identify a skill/activity that you perform in
your sport that it underpins/supports.
Perceptual motor abilities
 Multi-limb co-ordination
 Response orientation
 Reaction time
 Speed of movement
 Finger dexterity
 Manual dexterity
 Rate control
 Aiming
Natural athlete?
 Coaches often refer to performers as ‘natural’
athletes or games players.
 This implies that there is one ability that supports
or underpins all these activities.
 Current research does not support this idea.
 Specific skills/activities require particular
abilities.
 Some skills/activities require very similar
combinations of abilities to support them.
Natural athlete?
 Research has shown that skills are
sometimes underpinned by different
abilities at different stages of learning.
 Early stages of learning (cognitive) a complex
skill, many perceptual abilities will be
important.
 When you are more proficient
(associative/autonomous) kinaesthesis is an
essential ability.
Motor Skill Development
Sport
Specific
Skills
Fundamental Motor
Skills
Rudimentary Movement
Skills
Instant Reflexes
& Reactions
Fundamental motor skills (FMS)
 Abilities are seen as building blocks upon which we can
develop skills.
 Children first use their abilities to learn rudimentary
movement skills
 Walking, running, skipping, pushing, stretching
& balancing
 From 4-9 years old it is important that children receive
expert coaching/teaching to develop their rudimentary
skills further into fundamental motor skills (FMS)
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Catching
Kicking
Running
Dodging
Over-arm throwing
 Vertical jumping
 The two-handed side arm
strike
 Ball bounce
 Leap
 Forehand strike
Motor Skill Development
Sprint Start
Sport
Specific
Skills
Fundamental Motor
Skills
Running
Rudimentary Movement
Skills
Speed
Instant Reflexes
& Reactions
Fundamental motor skills (FMS)
 Once learned correctly and mastered, these
FMS will be developed into sports specific
skills by adapting and practising each one so
that it matches the requirements of that
sport.
 The FMS of kicking can be developed into a
number of different sport specific skills
 The FMS of catching can be developed into a
number of different sport specific skills
 The FMS of over-arm throwing can be developed
into a number of different sport specific skills
Task
 Identify the FMS in your practical activity
 Identify the sports-specific skills that
develop from the FMS you have identified in
your chosen activity.