GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

• Students should be able to • define a neonate, infant and child • understand the pattern of congenital and acquired diseases at various peadiatric ages • define growth and development • explain methodology of monitoring growth in infants and children using FOC, weight and height.

• understand the use of centile charts for monitoring growth parameters • enumerate the four stages of development explain developmental achievements at 3, 6, 9 , 12 and 24 months of ages

• NEONATE – Birth to 01 month • INFANT – 01 month to 12 months • CHILD – 1 year to 5 years

• GROWTH change in size as a whole or in separate parts it is a quantitative change

• INDICES OF GROWTH – Height – Weight – Head circumference – Growth charts

Weight measurement

Length/height

Factors affecting growth • GENETICS • ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS – Nutrition – Disease – Socioeconomic class – Psychological stress

Factors affecting growth • ENDORINE FACTORS – Growth hormone – Thyroxine – Cortisol – Androgens – Testosterone – Oestrogen

• DEVELOPMENT Involves aspects of differentiation of form or changes in function, including structural which are shaped by interaction with the emotional and social environment It is a qualitative change

• Gross motor skills • Fine motor/ visual motor • Language and communication • Cognitive or adaptive development

GROSS MOTOR SKILLS • Acquisition of controlled purposeful movements • Helps in the development of postural control • It occurs in cephalocaudal sequence

GROSS MOTOR SKILLS • 2-3 months • 6 months • 8 months • 10-12 months • 15 months • 24 months neck holding sitting with support sitting without support standing with support and walking creeps up stairs walks up and down steps without help

03 months

05- 06 months

06- 09 months

09- 12 months

FINE MOTOR/ VISUAL SKILLS • 2-3 months • 6 months • 9 months • 12 months holds the rattle briefly, follows moving persons picks up spatula from hand, transfers spatula from hand to hand pokes at small sweets with index finger develops mature pincer grasp

FINE MOTOR/ VISUAL SKILLS • 15 months • 24 months scribbles in imitation,2 block tower 7 block tower,removes shoes

03 months

06 months

08- 09 months

LANGUAGE • 3 months • 6 months • 9 months • 12 months smiles, gurgles, squeals, coos with pleasure babbles, ah-goo combines syllables, ba ba, ma ma says 2 or 3 words with meaning

LANGUAGE • 15 months uses 4- 6 words • 24 months uses pronouns, 50 word vocabulary, uses 2 word sentences

SOCIAL SKILLS • 2-3 months • 6 months responds by smiling puts objects to mouth, plays with feet, reaches and shakes a rattle • 9 months holds, bites and eats a biscuit, recognizes strangers and is upset • 12 months waves bye bye and claps, helps with dressing

SOCIAL SKILLS • 15- 18 mon uses spoon and cup • 24 months parallel play in company

03 months

06 months

08- 09 months

• Any child who does not fulfill the criteria of development according to age must be evaluated repeatedly and cause of delay sorted out