Transcript S3 Exam Prep 2008

S3 Exam Prep
Activities
 Activities can be described as being Individual,
team or both.
Give an example from your course of all of the
above, and a description of what they mean.
 Activities can also be described as being
competitive or non-competitive.
Give an example from your course of both,
and a description of what they mean.
Rules
 Rules can be described as official or unofficial.
Can you give two examples for each of these types of
rules from an activity of your choice.
 Some rules mean that a performer must learn a new
skill in order to abide by the rule.
Give an example from your course of such a rule and
the new skill you needed to learn as a result.
Rules Continued
 Some formal rules may restrict the movement a
performer/ competitor can make during an activity.
From the activity below, what formal rule exists that
would restrict the athletes movement?
Conduct & Behaviour
 Conduct & Behaviour are an important part of
all sporting activities.
Give an example for each from an activity of
your choice. An example is given for you:
Activity – Rugby.
Behaviour – Respect official rules & avoid
intentionally breaking them.
Conduct – Obey rules even when not being
directly observed by match officials e.g. during
a ruck or a maul.
Etiquette
 In all sporting activities there
are types of behaviour known
as Etiquette that are
accepted.
An example of this would be:
to remain quiet when someone
is playing a shot in golf.
(A list of bowling etiquette is included
in this slide).
Skills and Techniques
Definitions
A skill is the purpose of linked
sequences of movement.
(Write an example of your own)
A technique is the ways of completing
a skill.
(Write an example of your own)
Skill Learning
 There are two main methods of learning new skills that
we use in Standard Grade PE. One is Gradual Buildup and Whole-part-whole.
 Gradual Build-up would be used to learn difficult
(complex) or dangerous skills. In your jotter write down
a reason for this.
 Whole-part-whole learning would be used to learn a
simple skill. In your jotter write down a reason for this.
 Now write down an example from your course that we
have used for learning a new skill for each of the
above.
Adapting Activities.
 Activities can be adapted in many ways and for different reasons.
E.g. Adult versions of games can be changed to suit younger
players making it easier for them to learn.
 Look at the pictures below and explain how and why the activity
could be changed to suit a younger player. The key area of change
has been identified.
The playing area
The scoring system
Net Height
Length of game
The rules
Equipment
Number of players
Number of touches
Developing Skill/ Adapting
Activities.
 Games can be played “small sided” instead of
“full sided.” E.g. 5 a side football.
In your jotter write down 2 advantages of
playing with smaller sides for developing skill.
 Numerical superiority means having an
advantage as there are more attackers than
defenders or vice versa.
In your jotter write down 2 advantages for the
attackers of numerical superiority when
developing skills.
Developing Skill cont.
 Now write down a disadvantage for the
defenders as a result of their being more
attackers?
 How could the defenders find away
around this problem?
Centre of Gravity and
Transfer of Weight
Centre of Gravity
 The centre of gravity for a human is located around the
area of the naval. In many activities performers need to be
able to maintain a static centre of gravity to remain stable.
e.g. Activity – Gymnastics
Skill – Handstand
In your jotter write down 3 different activities and a skill from
each where the performer must maintain a static centre of
gravity.
 In other activities the centre of gravity is dynamic (always
moving) e.g. Activity – Ice Skating Skill - Jumps
In your jotter write down 3 different activities and a skill from
each where the performer must have a dynamic centre of
gravity.
Centre of Gravity Cont.
Performers can make themselves more stable in 5 ways.
Explain why stability is needed in each of the following activities.
The more you lean into
The lower your centre of
The heavier you are the more
an oncoming force the
gravity the more stable you
stable you are.
more stable you will be.
The closer your
will be.
COG is to the
The larger the
area of your base centre of your
base the more
the more stable
stable you will
you will be.
be.
Transfer of Weight
 Many activities involve a
transfer of weight from the
back foot to the front. A
transfer of weight in this
direction adds more force,
speed and distance into the
movement. A long
backward motion and follow
through increases this.
Basketball players will transfer weight from their back foot to the front
when they chest pass. This transfer of weight adds speed to the pass.
In your jotter select any activity and passing as the skill, you may use
Basketball. Explain in detail why fast passing may be required in a
game.
Transfer of Weight Cont
The striking and fielding games
require a transfer of weight from
the back to front foot.
In your jotter, in detail explain why.
Now give two examples from your course of
activities that require a similar transfer of weight
action.
Transfer of Weight Cont.
In your jotter,
describe in detail
the transfer of
weight which
occurs during this
performance.
During a vault weight
is transferred from the
feet to the hands and
then back to the feet.
In your jotter write
down another activity
and skill which has a
similar transfer of
weight.
In your jotter select a skill/technique from this
activity. Describe how improving the weight
transfer would improve the performance.
The Body
Oxygen Transport System
 The Oxygen transport system is made up
of the respiratory system and the
circulatory system.
Give a definition of each of these
systems.
Which activities from your Standard
Grade course will make the most
demands on your oxygen transport
system?
Benefits of Training
 Regular exercise increases the size of the
heart allowing more blood to be pushed around
the body with every beat of the heart.
- Will this lower or raise your heart beat?
 Regular exercise increases the Vital Capacity
of the lungs.
- Does this mean that your lungs can take in
more oxygen with each breath you take?
Oxygen Debt
 If the body is performing at a high intensity for
long periods of time, it can become difficult for
your breathing to supply enough oxygen to
working muscles. This will cause a build up of
lactic acid in the muscles, and the body will
slow down. This is known as Oxygen Debt.
Can you think of FOUR implications of
OXYGEN DEBT?
Hinge Joints

The knee is a hinge joint. It can
only open and close like a door.
An example of an activity that
uses this type of joint is Kicking in
football.
 Write down in your jotter
another example of a hinge joint
and an activity which requires
this movement.
Ball and Socket Joint
 The Shoulder is a ball and
socket joint. This means that
it rotates in all directions. An
example of an activity that
requires this action is Javelin.
 Write down another example
of a ball and socket joint and an
activity which requires this
movement.
Aspects of Fitness.
 There are three aspects of fitness that we focus on in
SGPE:
 Physical Fitness – This would be things like speed,
strength, suppleness, stamina etc
 Skill Related Fitness – This would be things like
reaction time, co-ordination, balance or agility etc
 Mental aspects of Fitness – This would be things like
rehearsal, concentration or confidence.
Aspects of fitness –
Physical Fitness
Cardio Respiratory Endurance – Heart & Lungs
Muscular Endurance – Group of Muscles
Speed – Cover a distance in a short time
Strength – Maximum force exerted in a single
effort
 Flexibility – Range of movement across a joint
 Power – Combination of Speed & Strength




Skill related fitness
 Balance is an aspect of
skill related fitness.
Balance is the ability to
retain the centre of
gravity over your base of
support.
 In your jotter, write down
a time that balance was
important to your
performance in a team
activity and explain why?
Skill related fitness cont.
 Co-ordination & Agility are aspects of
skill related fitness.
 Co-ordination is the ability to control
movements smoothly and fluently in the
correct order.
 Agility is the ability to move the body
quickly.
 In your jotter, write down a time that coordination was important to your
performance in an individual activity
and explain why?
 In your jotter, write down a time that
agility was important to your
performance in an individual activity
and explain why?
Cardiorespiratory
Endurance
 The ability of the
&
to work
over a prolonged period of time.
 To improve C.R.E a body needs to work for
long intervals at a low level of intensity. This is
because the body requires a lot of oxygen to
supply the working muscles

(This is known as AEROBIC activity).
What tests can be used to
measure C.R.E?
 20m progressive shuttle run test – (beep
test).
 Harvard Step Test.
 12 minute run - (12min cooper run).
Effects of C.R.E on
Performance
What effects would a high level of C.R.E. have on a
performers overall performance?
 In activities that take a long period of time good CRE
provides you with the chance to perform at the top level
for longer.
 You can carry out skills and concentrate longer. (Thus
reducing errors in play due to fatigue).
 You are more likely to recover faster.
Types of Training for CRE
 There are several types of training that will help
improve CRE. Two of these are FARTLEK
training & INTERVAL training.
In your jotter, write a description of both fartlek
training & interval training.
Now write a description of what you would do
in one training session for one of the above.
Mental Related Fitness.
 Mental preparation is important in many
activities. Different people will go about
their mental preparation in different ways.
For example, a footballer may be
motivated by a team mate or coach,
whereas a long distance runner will need
to prepare by themselves e.g. by setting
short term goals in a long distance race.
Mental Related Fitness
Cont
In pairs come up with as many reasons
as you can why determination would be
important during practice.
Now discuss why co-operation would be
equally important in a successful practice
session.
Mental Related Fitness
Cont
Choose an activity of your choice where
you have felt very motivated. Now
explain why you felt so motivated in one
session.
Why would concentration be important in
a successful practice?