Introduction to Speech

T Y P E S O F S P E E C H E S A N D S P E E C H D E S I G N

Let’s Discuss…

   What do you expect from an effective speech/speaker?

Does age play a factor?

Does gender make a difference?

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAMLOnSNwz A What was done well in this presentation?

Types of Speeches

There are four types of speeches. They are classified on the basis of the SITUATION they are given, the STYLE or mode of delivery, and the PREPARATION required.

1.

Impromptu 2.

Extemporaneous 3.

4.

Manuscript Memorized

Impromptu Speeches

  Impromptu speeches are delivered on the spur of the moment. You don’t know the speech’s topic or requirements ahead of time. For example: You might be at a meeting and suddenly asked to present about a conference you attended. Or maybe you are asked to speak about your teammates at a pep rally.

Extemporaneous Speeches

    This type of speech is appropriate for most speaking situations. You are given time to prepare, and you refer to brief notes when delivering the speech. You neither write out the speech, nor do you completely memorize it.

Advantage: The preparation allows you to feel confident with what you’re going to say.

Disadvantage: It completely relies on the speaker’s ability to speak fluently without word-by-word preparation.

You will likely find that this is the most practical, useful, productive, convenient, and effective type of speech.

Extemporaneous Speech

 You will follow a 4-step process when preparing an extemporaneous speech:   Establish a purpose Gather data   Organize Practice

Manuscript Speech

    This type of speech is used when exact wording is required (presenting policies, delivering scientific reports, etc.). It’s written out word for word and the script is then read to the audience. Follows the same steps as the extemporaneous speech with the addition of a fifth step—writing a full script.

Advantage: You won’t forget parts of the speech.

Disadvantage: It’s tempting to just look down and read the speech. It’s difficult to connect with or adapt to the audience.

Memorized Speech

     This is used when exact wording is required, but reading from a script would be inappropriate; therefore, the speech is committed to memory.

You follow the same steps as those for the manuscript speech, but you add a sixth—memorize it.

Advantage: You can plot the best wording ahead of time, just like in a manuscript speech.

Disadvantages: It’s difficult to deliver this type of speech with feeling, sincerity, or spontaneity. You might forget what you were going to say. It takes a long time to memorize a speech.

Memorized speeches are NOT recommended in this course, or in the real world except in very specialized situations.

Some Categories of Speeches

Speeches can fall into many different categories—and in any category you might deliver an impromptu, extemporaneous, manuscript, or memorized speech. Here are just a few: 1.

Informative 2.

Persuasive 3.

4.

Demonstration Ceremonial

Informative Speeches

   The purpose of an informative speech is to present new information to your audience. This is the most common type of speech. It is often presented with a series of numbers, statistics, and many PowerPoint slides... which tend to make it overdrawn and boring ….

I wish Mrs. Proud would stop informing me. I’m bored.

Persuasive Speeches

   The purpose of a persuasive speech is to influence your audience. You might be trying to convince your audience to…   adopt a specific attitude or belief change their behavior   modify their way of thinking buy something, vote for something, etc.

You guys have to vote for me!

Debate could fall under this category.

Demonstration Speech

 This type of speech features the physical display and assembly of steps in a process while explaining each along the way.

Ceremonial Speech

 Ceremonial speeches are designed to celebrate special occasions. Examples include:   Commencement Speeches Maid of Honor/Best Man Speeches   Commemorations Eulogies   Farewell Speech Acceptance Speech (for an award or honor)

Speech Design/Format

Following this outline will help you structure your speech—the percentages are general guidelines only. I. INTRODUCTION—10% A. Attention-getter B. Preview II. DISCUSSION—85% A. Main Points B. Arrange Logically C. Support with Data III. CONCLUSION—5% A. Review B. Memorable Statement

Designing a Speech

   Once your speech is written, craft a clever title for your speech.

The title should be provocative, brief, relevant to your subject, and interesting.

Though a mediocre title won’t ruin a presentation, a good one can spark a great deal of initial interest in the speech to come.

We’ll talk about speech design in more detail in the future—it’s your turn to prepare and deliver your own speeches!