The Rose Our National Floral Emblem

Digital Rose Art by John Mattia

Written, Designed, & Produced By Kitty Belendez Consulting Rosarian Santa Clarita, CA In Cooperation with the ARS Program Services Committee All Photos by Kitty Belendez except where noted.

© Copyright 2004 Kitty Belendez, All Rights Reserved.

Rose Facts

 Roses have been in existence for 34 million years.

 There are more than 100,000 different rose varieties known to have been in existence.

 There are currently more than 18,000 different rose varieties commercially available.

 Almost 50,000,000 rose bushes are grown in the United States every year.

 Most roses are produced in California, Arizona, Texas.

 Some roses are grown on their own roots while others are budded or grafted onto a more vigorous rootstock.

Rose Colors

 WHITE  YELLOW  APRICOT  ORANGE  RED  PINK  MAUVE  RUSSET There are many variations of each color: solids, lights, darks, blends, and stripes.

NO Blue or Black.

‘Marriotta’ ‘My Sunshine’

Bloom Forms

Roses are available in many different bloom forms  Single  Classic  Decorative  Heavily-Petalled ‘English Garden’ ‘Louise Estes’

Types of Roses

 Hybrid Teas & Grandifloras  Floribundas  Miniatures & Mini-Floras  Shrubs  Climbers  Polyanthas  Old Garden Roses  Species Shrub Rose ‘Leander’

Hybrid Teas

Usual characteristics of hybrid teas:

 One bloom per stem  Classic bloom shape  Long stems  Medium to tall growing habit  Very good repeat bloom

Hybrid Teas

Some examples of hybrid tea varieties:

 Mister Lincoln  Touch of Class  Secret  St. Patrick  Gemini  Peace ‘Gemini’

Floribundas

Usual characteristics of floribundas:

 Clusters of blooms on each stem  Classic or informal bloom shape  Bushy plant habit  Short to medium growing height  Good repeat bloom

Floribundas

Some examples of floribunda varieties:

 Europeana  Iceberg  Playboy  Sexy Rexy  French Lace  Fabulous!

‘Playboy’

Miniatures

Usual characteristics of miniature roses:

 Smaller plant, bloom, and foliage  Clusters or one bloom on each stem  Classic or informal bloom shape  Bushy plant habit  Short to medium growing height

Miniatures

Some examples of miniature roses:

 Fairhope  Child’s Play  Miss Flippins  Scentsational  Sweet Chariot  Irresistible ‘Miss Flippins’

Shrubs

Usual characteristics of shrub roses:

 Clusters or one bloom on each stem  Informal bloom shape  Bushy plant habit  Short, medium, tall, or very tall heights  Good repeat bloom throughout year

Shrubs

Some examples of shrub varieties:

 Abraham Darby  Sally Holmes  Golden Celebration  Fair Bianca  Ballerina  Pillow Fight ‘Golden Celebration’

Climbers

Usual characteristics of climbing roses:

 Clusters of blooms on each stem  Classic or informal bloom shape  Very tall, climbing growth habit  Needs pegging or training  Best bloom in spring  Needs minimal pruning

Climbers

Some examples of climbing roses:

 Fourth of July Photo by Steve Jones  America  Paul’s Scarlet Climber  Berries ’n’ Cream  Altissimo  New Dawn ‘Paul’s Scarlet Climber’

Polyanthas

Usual characteristics of polyanthas:

 Clusters of small blooms on each stem  Informal bloom shape  Short to medium growing height  Bushy plant habit  Good repeat bloom

Polyanthas

Some examples of polyantha varieties:

 Mlle Cecile Brunner  Margo Koster  Lullaby  White Pet  China Doll  Verdun ‘White Pet’

Old Garden Roses

Usual characteristics of old garden roses:

 Classes in existence before 1867  Clusters or individual blooms on each stem  Informal bloom shapes  Short to very tall growing habit  Best bloom in spring, light re-bloom  Many have strong fragrance

Old Garden Roses

Types of old garden roses:

 Alba  Moss  Gallica  Bourbon  Damask  Portland  Hybrid Perpetual  Noisette  China  Tea  Various Hybrids  Centifolia

Old Garden Roses

Some examples of old garden roses:

 Reve d’Or (N 1869)  Reine Victoria (B 1872)  Baronne Prévost (HP 1842)  Mme Hardy (D 1832)  Crested Moss (M 1827)  Old Blush (Hch 1752)  Catherine Mermet (T 1869) ‘Baronne Prévost’

Species Roses

Some examples of species roses:

 Rosa foetida bicolor (1590)  Rosa californica (1878, California Wild Rose)  Rosa woodsii (1820)  Rosa banksiae lutea (1824, aka ‘Lady Banks’)  Rosa multiflora (1810)  Rosa rugosa rubra (1784) Photo by Steve Jones

Rosa banksiae lutea

Basic Needs of Roses

 Sandy loam soil (not too sandy or clayey)  Proper water application & good drainage  6 Hours of sun each day (minimum)  Fertilize monthly during growing season  Air circulation to help prevent disease  Disease and insect control  Annual pruning  Winter protection during freezing weather

Common Rose Pests

Diseases:

 Mildew  Rust  Blackspot  Anthracnose  Botrytis  Mosaic Virus  Canker

Insects:

 Aphids  Spider Mites  Beetles  Thrips  Green Bud Worms  Leaf Cutter Bee  Scale

Rose Pests - Diseases

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MILDEW

Mildew is a fungus that arrives in cool weather and disappears as the weather gets warmer.

Some rose varieties are more susceptible to mildew than others.

Rose Pests - Diseases



RUST

This fungus is highly contagious in the rose garden. Remove infected leaves and spray the bush with fungicide. Usually disappears in hot, dry weather.

Rose Pests - Diseases

Photo by John Mattia 

BLACKSPOT

A fungus disease that occurs with cool, damp weather. Remove and discard all infected foliage. Spray with fungicide.

Rose Pests - Diseases



ANTHRACNOSE

This fungus looks similar to blackspot. Appears during rainy season, disappears when weather becomes drier. Remove infected foliage and spray with fungicide.

Photo by Jean Harrison

Rose Pests - Diseases



BOTRYTIS

A fungus that attacks the blooms during wet weather. Remove rotting blooms and discard. Spray plant with fungicide.

Photo by Jean Harrison

Rose Pests - Diseases



GALL

This bacteria causes abnormal growths to develop on the rose roots or the crown of the rose. Caused by bacteria entering wounds and injuries. Dig and remove infected rose and surrounding soil.

Rose Pests - Diseases



MOSAIC VIRUS

There is no cure for this virus that comes from infected rootstock. Foliage may appear mottled and some infected plants lack vigor and appear distorted.

Rose Pests - Insects



APHIDS

Aphids arrive in spring when there is new green buds and foliage on the rose plant. A hard stream of water, hand squishing, or insecticide will get rid of aphids.

Rose Pests - Insects



SPIDER MITES

Spider mites appear during hot weather and suck on the foliage. They look like tiny specks on the undersides of the foliage. Washing the foliage with water can help to control.

Rose Pests - Insects

Photo by John Mattia 

BEETLES

Various types of beetles arrive during summer to chew on the rose blooms. Shown here is the Japanese beetle. Remove by hand picking, or spray with insecticide.

Rose Pests - Insects



LEAF CUTTER BEE

This insect cuts circles in the foliage and makes a nest with the clippings. Although unsightly, they won’t hurt your rose bush.

Rose Pests - Insects



GREEN BUD WORMS

Small green worms chew holes in the buds. Spray the tight buds with insecticide or pick off and squish the worms.

Rose Pests - Insects



CANE BORER

A tiny wasp-like insect that drills holes in the rose canes and lays its eggs inside. Seal tops of pruned canes with white glue for prevention.

Rose Pruning Tips

 Trim the bush back by half or more  Cut 1/4” above outward-facing bud eye  Thin out crossing branches & twiggy growth  Strip off all foliage & clean up all debris  Apply a dormant spray to prevent pests  Never use rose trimmings for mulch  Check with local rosarian for ideal timing

Rose Pruning

BEFORE AFTER

Tips for Selecting Bare Root Roses

 Make sure canes are green and not dried out  Select #1 grade  Choose plants with at least 3 thick canes  Avoid waxed canes  Avoid bare root roses already leafing out  AARS or patented roses cost more because you are paying extra for the royalty fee

Example of a #1 Grade Bare Root Rose

 At Least 3 canes  Good root system  Not shriveled up  Not leafing out  No damage or gall

Rose Planting Tips

 Soak bare root rose overnight before planting  Select a sunny location  Make sure there is plenty of drainage  Dig a hole at least big enough for the roots  Place roots down in hole, canes facing up  Fill hole with potting soil or amended soil  Water rose well after planting  Potted roses can be planted most times of year

Roses Around a Swimming Pool

Rose Beds for a Small City Lot

Roses in Full Bloom

American Rose Society

 Founded in 1892  20,000 members nationwide ‘St. Patrick’  Headquartered in Shreveport, Louisiana  $37 Annual Dues  Monthly full-color magazine

American Rose

 Two Annual Conventions  Website:

www.ars.org

Have a Rosy Day!

‘Irresistible’