Some - An Giang University
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Transcript Some - An Giang University
Trần Văn Thái-DH8D
LOGO
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CONTENTS
I. THREE MAIN MISTAKES IN WRITING
1. Vietnamese-English translation
2. Grammar
3. Styles
II. GUIDELINES
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VIETNAMESE-ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Translating word by word
from Vietnamese into English
(using bilingual dictionary)
This causes grammar and
vocabulary mistakes
Readers cannot understand
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EXAMPLES OF WORD BY WORD
TRANSLATION
1. He is difficult.
Difficult unsociable (strict)
2. We took a bath in the sea when we
went to Ha Tien Beach.
Took a bath swam
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COMMON GRAMMAR MISTAKES
Wrong verb tenses
Misuse of confusing structures
Adjective order
Position of adverbs
Run-on sentences
Fragment sentences
Subject-verb agreement
Using articles
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TENSES OF VERB
EX: Before the Second Word War
Einstein has discovered his
famous formula E=MC2
Has discovered had discovered
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CONFUSING STRUCTURES
Writers misuse grammar structures
that have similar forms but
different meanings
EX: “USE TO” / “TO BE USE TO”
- Men are used to believing in their
superiority over women
- Men used to believe in their
superiority over women
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ADJECTIVE ORDER
1. OPINION
(enjoyable/horrible/boring)
An enjoyable film
2. DIMENSION (SIZE)
(large/tiny/heavy)
A disgusting little insect
3. AGE
(old/young/modern)
A beautiful tall young woman
4. SHAPE
(round/square/rectangular)
A large old oval painting
5. COLOR
(green/black/red)
A small square black and white
photograph
6. WHERE FROM
(French/Russia/Vietnamese)
An ugly modern American car
7. MATERIAL MADE OF
(silver/paper/plastic)
A pink Japanese silk blouse
NOTE: do not use more than three
adjectives before a noun
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ADVERB ORDER
1. Adv. of PLACE + Adv. of TIMZ
I go for a walk round the park every
day
2. Adv. of PLACE + Adv. of MANNER
+ Adv. of TIME
I go for a walk round the park very
slowly every day
3.Adv. of PLACE + Adv. of MANNER
+ Adv. of FREQUENCY + Adv. TIME
I go for a walk round the park very
slowly twice every day
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COMMON MISTAKES IN SENTENCE
CONSTRUCTION
FRAGMENTS
Wrong: He was very happy. Because he had passed
the exam
Right: He was very happy because he…
SPLITTING OF INFINITIVES
Poor: I told him to carefully drive on slippery street.
Better: I told him to drive carefully on slippery street.
PLURAL / SINGULAR NOUNS
Wrong: If a pupil studies hard, they will pass the
exam
Right: If a pupil studies hard, he or she will pass the
exam
Or If pupils study hard, they will pass the exam
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MISTAKES OF WRITING STYLES
1. Formal Informal
writing style
2. Directness
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Express your ideas clearly
Write good sentences which
show
Unity
Coherence
Emphasis
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VIETNAMESE-ENGLISH
TRANSLATION
Use sentence patterns
Think in english as much as
possible
Reduce the use bilingual
dictionary
Write drafts
Check & correct mistakes
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Organise your ideas carefully
Learn and practice grammar
structures
“Do not write over three lines
each sentence!”
Read a lot
Writing journal
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GUIDELINES
1. VARY SENTENCE LENGTH AND
PATTERNS
EX: I have a little brother. His name
is Tom. He’s now in the eighth form.
His fovourite subject at school is
English.
I have a little brother whose name
is Tom. He is now in the eighth form
and his favourite subject is English.
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GUIDELINES
2. USE COORDINATION, COMPOUNDING,
SUBORDINATION, REDUCTION…
EX: Poor: He is not a good pupil. He
passed the examination successfully.
Better: He is not a good pupil, but he
passed the examination successfully.
Weak: He got good marks in the exam.
His parents rewarded him.
Clear: His parent rewarded him when he
got good mark in the exam.
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On-line resources for writers
http:// owl. trc. purdue. edu/ bytopic.html
http://www.coe.uncc.edu/~brmattin/adds.
html
http://webserver.maclab.comp.uvic.ca/
writersguide/Essay/ EssaysTOC. html
http:// sti.larc. nasa. gov/
html/Chapt3/Chapt3-TOC.html
http://www. hut. fi. / ~rvilmi / LangHelp/
Writing/
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LOGO
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TECHNIQUES FOR SPELLING IMPROVEMENT
STUDY THE CORRECT SPELLING OF
A NEW WORD CAREFULLY
LOOK AT IT ATTENTIVELY
PRONOUNCE IT ALOUD
SYLLABLE BY SYLLABLE
TRY TO SEE THE PRINTED WORD IN
YOUR MIND
ALLOW YOURSELF TO CHECK THE
SPEELING THAT YOU ARE UNSURE.
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TECHNIQUES FOR SPELLING IMPROVEMENT
MASTER A LIST OF MISSPELLED
WORDS
INCORRECT
SPELLING
alwrite
CORRECT
SPEELING
all right
POINTS TO
REMEMBER
right (wrong)
comparision
adress
comparison
address
son (father)
two ‘d’s
Practice writing these troublesome words
several times.
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TECHNIQUES FOR SPELLING IMPROVEMENT
MASTER THE RULES OF SPELLING. IN SPITE
OF EXEPTIONS, THOSE RULES ARE TRUE
MOST OF THE TIME
1.THE FINAL “Y” RULE
2.THE FINAL “E” RULE
3.RULE FOR DOUBLING A FINAL CONSONANT
4.RULES FOR FORMING PLURALS
5.THE IE-EI RULE
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1
2
The final "y" rule
ending in consonant + "y"
change "y""i"+
suffix
study + ous = studious
Note:
suffix -ing
keep "y"+suffix
study + ing = studying
suffix begins with a vowel
drop "e"+suffix
write + ing = writing
suffix begins with a consonant
keep "e"+suffix
use + less = useless
The final "e" rule
drop+ing=
dropping
only one syllable
3
Doubling a final
consonant
stressed on the last syllable
double the final
big+est=biggest
ending in "vowel+consonant"
consonant+
suffix
admit+ing=
admitting
suffix starts with a vowel
refer+ed=
referred
4
Rule for Forming
Plurals
road
roads
dish
dished
in general
add -s
ending in -s, -ss, -z, -sh, -ch
add -es
ending in consonant+"y"
change "y""i"+"-es"
skyskies
ending in vowel+"y"
keep
"y"+"-s"
ending in "f"
change "f""v"+"-es"
ending in "o"
add "-es"
monkey
monkeys
leaf
leaves
tomato
tomatoes
Note:
musical terms (solo, piano,
alto)
add "-s"
ending in vowel+"o"
combined words or
hyphenated compounds
radioradios
add "-s"
special plurals
5
The ie-ei rule
”i” and ”e”
(same
syllable)
solosolos
pianopianos
pronounced /i/
write “ie”
not pronounce /i/
write “ei”
mother-in-law
mothers-in-law
manmen
toothteeth
sheepsheep
niece
chief
eight
height
DISCRIBING PEOPLE
AGE
HEIGHT
BUILD
EYES COMPLEXI
-ON (skin)
Old
1,70m
Fat
Blue
Black
Young Average
Thin Brown
Brown
height
In
Slim
Dark
White
his/her
Tall
Plump Black
Ruddy
30’s Shortish Stout Hazel
OliveMiddle Medium Chubby
skinned
…
aged
height
…
…
…
…
HAIRCOLOR, HAIRSTYLE, FACE, DISTINGUISHING
FEATURES, PERSONALITY, DRESS, ACCESSORIES,
MOOD/FEEL, HOBBIES, FAMILY BACKGROUND…
neat fashionable shy
calm
talkative
amusing
refined
aggressive PERSONALITY
optimistic
mousey
pessimistic
reliable
elegant “spunky”