Transcript 供應鏈管理 - 中央大學管理學院

Chapter 6: 供應鏈管理
E-Supply Chains, Collaborative
Commerce, and Corporate Portals
國立中央大學、資訊管理系
范錚強
Tel: (03)426-7250
http://www.mgt.ncu.edu.tw/~ckfarn
2010.04 updated
中央大學。范錚強
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Learning Objectives
1. Define the e-supply chain and describe its
characteristics and components.
2. List supply chain problems and their causes.
3. List solutions provided by e-commerce (EC) for
supply chain problems.
4. Describe RFID supply chain applications.
5. Define c-commerce and list the major types.
Copyright © 2010中央大學。范錚強
Pearson Education, Inc.
2 6-2
Learning Objectives2
6. Describe collaborative planning and collaboration,
planning, forecasting, and replenishing (CPFR) and
list the benefits of each.
7. Discuss integration along the supply chain.
8. Understand corporate portals and their types and
roles.
9. Describe e-collaboration tools such as workflow
software and groupware.
10. Describe Collaboration 2.0 technology and tools.
Copyright © 2010中央大學。范錚強
Pearson Education, Inc.
3 6-3
Supply Chains 供應鍊
Supply chain
The flow of materials, information, money, and
services from raw material suppliers through
factories and warehouses to the end customers
e-Supply chain
A supply chain that is managed electronically,
usually with Web technologies
Copyright © 2010中央大學。范錚強
Pearson Education, Inc.
4 6-4
Exb 6 .1
中央大學。范錚強
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Supply Chain Parts
Upstream supply chain
procurement
The process made up of a range of activities by
which an organization obtains or gains access to the
resources (materials, skills, capabilities, facilities)
they require to undertake their core business
activities
Internal supply chain and value chain
Downstream supply chain
中央大學。范錚強
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Supply Chain Management (SCM)
A complex process that requires the
coordination of many activities so that the
shipment of goods and services from supplier
right through to customer is done efficiently
and effectively for all parties concerned. SCM
aims to minimize inventory levels, optimize
production and increase throughput, decrease
manufacturing time, optimize logistics and
distribution, streamline order fulfillment, and
overall reduce the costs associated with these
activities
中央大學。范錚強
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什麼是供應鏈？
TSMC
華通
三星
友達
Intel
世平
華碩
聯強
Nova
顧客
國巨
中央大學。范錚強
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供應鏈上下游
源頭：
供應商
工廠
碼頭
區域性
倉庫
地方性
倉庫
需求點：
顧客
供應
倉儲成本
生產與
採購成本
運輸成本
運輸成本
倉儲成本
供應鍊的兩層
價值鍊：Value generating
上下游供應商
實體物流
確保供應
交通運輸、倉儲
國際貿易手續
買賣雙方自行負責？委外由第三方進行？
LSP: Logistics Service Provider
3PL: 3rd Party Logistics
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服務的層級：旅行
價值鍊：
價值創造
安排：
Arrangement,
Non Asset
實體物流：
Asset-based
Service
觀光客
旅遊景點
旅行社、導遊
船公司、航空公司、旅館、遊覽車、火車
中央大學。范錚強
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服務的層級：價值鍊/物流
價值鍊：
價值創造
安排：
Arrangement,
Non Asset
實體物流：
Asset-based
Service
Supplier
Focal
Customer
貨物承攬、報關行、報驗行、4PL...
船公司、航空公司、倉庫、卡車、拖車
中央大學。范錚強
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國際物流
價值鍊：
價值創造
安排：
Arrangement,
Non Asset
實體物流：
Asset-based
Service
Supplier
Focal
Customer
貨物承攬、報關行、報驗行、4PL...
船公司、航空公司、倉庫、卡車、拖車
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e-Supply Chain Management (e-SCM)
The collaborative use of technology to
improve the operations of supply chain
activities as well as the management of
supply chains
information visibility 能見度
The process of sharing critical data required
to manage the flow of products, services, and
information in real time between suppliers
and customers
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Activities and Infrastructure of e-SCM
Supply Chain Replenishment
e-Procurement
The use of Web-based technology to support the key
procurement processes, including requisitioning, sourcing,
contracting, ordering, and payment. E-procurement supports the
purchase of both direct and indirect materials and employs
several Web-based functions such as online catalogs, contracts,
purchase orders, and shipping notices
collaborative planning
A business practice that combines the business knowledge and
forecasts of multiple players along a supply chain to improve
the planning and fulfillment of customer demand
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Other eSCM Activities
Collaborative Design and Product
Development
E-Logistics
Infrastructure for e-SCM
Copyright © 2010中央大學。范錚強
Pearson Education, Inc.
166-16
全球經濟的趨勢
專業分工
擴大單項產品、技術的經濟規模
降低代理成本
比交易成本增加快
降低團隊風險
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產業結構和風險
市場（產品創新更替，風險=100）
風險=100
自
行
生
產
零
組
件
電
晶
體
收
音
機
手
機
手
提
電
腦
一條龍
遊
戲
機
風險=60
收
音
機
手
提
電
腦
手
機
RF 組件
CPU
風險=40
電源供應器
風險=20
塑膠機殼
風險=10
模具
風險=10
電阻電容
中央大學。范錚強
遊
戲
機
專業分工
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供應鏈管理根本的問題
為何導入供應鏈管理？
追隨時髦？
增加價值：價值在那裡？
環境和顧客需求改變
科技改變下的營業條件改變
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Typical Problems Along The Supply Chain
Bullwhip effect
Erratic shifts in order up and down supply chains
Need for information sharing along the supply
chain
EC Solutions
Visibility
The knowledge about where materials and parts are
at any given time, which helps in solving problems
such as delay, combining shipments, and more
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供應鏈風險
市場動態
需求波動
價格波動
規格變動
特用性投資的程度
專用／通用？
交易的不確定性
無法掌握的交易成功機率
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長鞭效應 The Bullwhip Effect
傳播方向
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長鞭效應和供應鏈動態
批發商訂單
訂
單
數
量
零售商訂單
顧客需求
生產計畫
時間
Source: Tom Mc Guffry, Electronic Commerce and Value Chain Management, 1998
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訂單的變異往上游增加
顧客銷售
零售商向批發商訂貨
批發商向製造商訂貨
製造商向供應商訂貨
Lee, H, P. Padmanabhan and S. Wang (1997), Sloan Management Review
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增加需求能見度
Replenishments from supplier
1400
Manufacturer
1200
1000
orders
800
600
400
200
Distributor
0
sell-through
Store
Store
Store
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通用系統觀念
輸入、處理、輸出、回饋
Input
Process
Output
回饋
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庫存
系統和系統連接互相摩擦
避免摩擦增加緩衝（庫存）
Input
Process
回饋
Output
Input
Process
Output
Input
回饋
Process
Output
回饋
庫存為企業又愛又恨的東西
最佳的庫存管理：沒有庫存
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企業組織的目標
彈性
反應快速
價格有競爭力
高效率
良好的顧客服務
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目標衝突？
降低庫存的壓力
昂貴的庫存成本
呆滯料的價值低
增加庫存的壓力
前置時間長
顧客服務非常重要
需求極難預測
降低運輸量
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增加能見度的結果
過去：大家只看到手邊的原料倉庫和成
品倉庫
傳統的庫存管理
低於安全庫存採購
日本豐田汽車的JIT零庫存管理
庫存成本和溝通協調成本的拉鋸
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庫存的成本
假設：某公司10億營業額，60%原料成本
庫存週期120天
庫存金額：2 億
庫存週期30天
庫存金額： 5千萬
庫存週期120天 30天
庫存減少： 1 億5千萬
假設利率5％，光是資金壓積的成本﹐每年節
省7.5百萬。
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庫存和訂貨
數
量
EOQ:
理性訂貨量Q
假設需求確定
0
交
貨
前
置
時
間
B
訂
貨
時
間
點
時間
D1
交
貨
時
間
點
中央大學。范錚強
D2
D3
交
貨
時
間
點
32
庫存的決定
經濟訂貨量：
訂貨的交易成本
訂貨的手續
物流
庫存成本
資金積壓
缺貨
但，交易成本的成本結構改變了！
不確定性降低了！
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平均存貨
數
量
需求不確定
EOQ:
理性訂貨量
平均存貨
Y
0
B
D1
D2
安全庫存
X
S
訂
貨
時
間
點
訂貨時間點B＝交貨時間點 ─ 訂貨前置期
中央大學。范錚強
時間
D3
交
貨
時
間
點
交
貨
時
間
點
34
訂貨成本降低
數
量
EOQ量降低
EOQ:
理性訂貨量
平均
0
D1
D2
時間
D3
S
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前置期降低
安全存量降低
數
量
需求不確定
EOQ:
理性訂貨量
0
Y
B
D1
D2
時間
D3
X
訂
貨
時
間
點
交
訂貨
貨時
時間
間點
點
1
2
S
中央大學。范錚強
交
貨
時
間
點
36
庫存的改變
數
量
平均存貨
需求不確定
Y
平均存貨0
B
D1
D2
時間
D3
X
S
交
訂貨
貨時
時間
間點
點
訂
貨
時
間
點
交
貨
時
間
點
2
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通路經營模式1
製造商
傳統方式
代理商
中間商的加值服務
顧客價格提高
批發商
經銷商
困難
多層的架構，行動緩慢
顧客
機會
科技帶來資訊透通
中央大學。范錚強
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通路經營模式2
直接配銷
配送問題
產生其他問題，
如何解決？
製造商
經銷商
中央大學。范錚強
顧客
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改善供應鏈的關鍵
能見度
資訊科技帶來能見度的改變
上下游透通
延緩決策
將必要的事延後處理
必須有足夠的反應速度
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整合或分解？
Coupling OR uncoupling?
供應鏈走向兩極化發展
價值網絡：上下游企業整合、緊密的價值鏈
動態市場：上下游企業分散、市場交易
什麼狀況之下，會發生這兩類變動？
垂直能見度<>水平能見度
標準化產品<>特用產品
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供應鏈的上下游互動1
內部活動
市場預測、產品設計、庫存管理、行銷銷
售
外部活動
採購
Supplier
Focal
中央大學。范錚強
Buyer
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供應鏈的上下游互動2
外部活動增加
頻率低的活動
供應商選擇、產品協同設計
頻率高的活動
協同預測、訂單處理、協同運籌
Supplier
Focal
中央大學。范錚強
Buyer
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供應鏈的活動
訂單
議價、訂單、交貨、驗收、付款
緊密結合之下
產品設計的互動
需求預測的互動
選定供應商、議價、長期合約
重複多次的訂單
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市場需求改變營運挑戰
以台灣資訊業的代工生產業務為例8
8年前的買方需求
955：95%的訂單在5天內交貨
應變：VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) 在買方地
點設立倉儲中心
成品折舊、庫存成本大幅提高
目前的買方需求
983
982
1002!!
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台灣大批量生產的生產模式改變1
市場預測生產計畫生產入庫接單倉庫出貨
（傳統BTS）
庫存週轉緩慢、資金積壓
顧客訂單生產排程購料生產交貨（傳統
BTO）
交貨週期長、缺乏競爭力
問題
顧客競爭壓力
產品時效性
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IT特性
速度提高
能見度提高
Accessibility, Visibility
偷看、偷跑
預先取得資訊
上下游關係的改變
延緩決策
降低風險
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短跑
100米短跑世界紀錄？
大約9.8秒
四個100米世界紀錄相加：39.2秒
400米接力賽世界紀錄？
大約36秒
為何？
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延緩：減少風險
兩個高手過招，先出手還是後出手者佔
上風？
為何？
情勢不明朗，絕不貿然出手
前提：出手速度要快！
延緩在供應鏈中的意義何在？
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延緩決策─Postponement
產品延遲
標籤延遲
包裝延遲
組裝延遲
設計製造延遲
地點延遲
最後才從集中倉庫出貨
時間延遲
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台灣大批量生產的生產模式改變2
機會
提前獲得資訊──偷跑
資訊處理傳遞快──延遲決策
顧客訂單滾動預測備料生產排程生產客戶
補貨通知交貨至VMI補貨倉（BTF/VMI）
顧客訂單滾動預測備料訂單生產排程生產
交貨至最終顧客（BTO）
顧客訂單滾動預測備料生產排程生產半成品
訂單最後組裝交貨（CTO/ATO）
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滾動預測
假設：預測 5 週，對後一週凍結
黃底色：訂單、藍底色：凍結預測
+0
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
100
+1
110
110
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
80
90
75
80
120
100
120
110
110
90
95
110
115
100
120
95
100
110
100
110
120
100
110
120
100
110
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因應營運挑戰（甲公司實例）
縮短採購時程
正
式
訂
單
原物料採購
生產
過去
12週
10週
預
告
訂
單
現在
12~13週
6週
中央大學。范錚強
4週
53
後續
以上只涵蓋了供應鏈的買賣關係
尚有其他議題
技術架構
顧客管理
電子化金流
供應鏈規劃
協同設計
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
無線射頻技術
Tags that can be attached to or embedded in
objects, animals, or humans and use radio
waves to communicate with a reader for
the purpose of uniquely identifying the
object or transmitting data and/or storing
information about the object
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Exb 6.2 RFID at Wal-Mart
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Exb 6.2 Digital Supply Chains
Limitations and Concerns of RFID
Cost
Interference and accuracy
Limited range in passive RFID
Environment restrictions on usage
Privacy
RUBEE: AN ALTERNATIVE TO RFID?
RuBee
Bidirectional, on-demand, peer-to-peer radiating transceiver
protocol under development by the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers
ZigBee
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Collaborative Commerce (c-Commerce
協同商務
The use of digital technologies that enable
companies to collaboratively plan, design,
develop, manage, and research products,
services, and innovative EC applications
collaboration hub (c-hub)
The central point of control for an e-market. A
single c-hub, representing one e-market owner,
can host multiple collaboration spaces (c-spaces)
in which trading partners use c-enablers to
exchange data with the c-hub
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Exb 6.4
Exb 6.5
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Exb 6.6
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Related concepts
Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI)
The practice of retailers’ making suppliers
responsible for determining when to order and
how much to order
Retailer–Supplier Collaboration: Target Corporation
Lower Transportation and Inventory Costs and
Reduced Stock-Outs: Unilever
Reduction of Design Cycle Time: Clarion Malaysia
Reduction of Product Development Time: Caterpillar,
Inc.
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Collaborative Planning, Forecasting,
and Replenishment (CPFR)
Project in which suppliers and retailers
collaborate in their planning and demand
forecasting to optimize flow of materials
along the supply chain
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CPFR: 協同規劃、預測和供貨
1990代初， Wal-Mart 和
Warner-Lambert 開始新嘗試
Develop front-end agreement
根據此觀念 VICS (Voluntary
Create joint business plan
Interindustry Commerce Standards )
發展CPFR模型
Create sales forecast
Identify and resolve exceptions
優點
降低庫存
降低缺貨
增加營業額
Source: www.cpfr.org
Create order forecast
Identify and resolve exceptions
Order generation
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What is CPFR®?
A business practice that combines the intelligence of
multiple trading partners in the planning and fulfillment
of customer demand.
CPFR® links sales and Marketing best practices, such as
category management, to supply chain planning and
execution processes to increase availability while
reducing inventory, transportation and logistics costs.
1. Collaborative Planning
2. Collaborative Forecasting
3. Collaborative Replenishment
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Business Process Model- Generic (1998) 九大步驟
1. Frond-End Agreement
CP
賣方商業發展活動
異常狀況條件
買方商業發展活動
2. Joint-Business Plan
3. Create Sales Forecast
賣方異常狀況
條件觸發
限無
制法
因解
素決
之
供
給
異常項目
賣方決策
支援資料
買方決策
支援資料
5. solve SF exception
6. Create order Forecast
賣方原物料與
生產規劃
訂單預測
POS資料
凍結預測
限制因素/條件
賣方異常狀況
條件觸發
長
期
7. Identify OF exception
賣方決策
支援資料
訂單採購
賣方活動
訂單履行 /
運送執行
異常項目
CR
消費者
買方決策
支援資料
8. solve OF exception
9. Order Generation
生產產品
買方活動
SF
CF
OF
買方異常狀況
條件觸發
4. Identify SF exception
買方
短
期
回饋
交貨執行
中央大學。范錚強
訂單履行回覆
買方異常狀況
條件觸發
買方驗收進貨
產品
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CPFR 2004
CPFR reference model
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特力貿易的全球供應鍊
Factory PO
Head Office
Factory PO
2W Lead Time
Asia Buying Office
ASN
US DC
Store
Asia Warehouse
Consolidation Yard
Asia
Factory
Replenishment
5 Day Lead Time
Inventory
6W
Store
6W
Import
Warehouse
Production
4W
On Water
中央大学。范铮强
4W
Factory
4W
69
Complete Supply Chain Visibility
Weekly Store Sales
Monthly Store Sales
Monthly DC Demand
Monthly DC Demand
Forecast
Monthly DC Supply
Monthly DC On Hand Qty
Day On Hand
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8+ Inventory Turnover
Test Rite Logistics Operation Summary
Period: August,05 ~ August,06
8+
DC
Inventory
Yearly
Turnover
Rate
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Warehouse Inventory Reduction
Test Rite Logistics Operation Summary
Period: August,05 ~ August,06
Inventory Reduction Management
6
5.8
4.9
5
4
3.9
3.4
Before GSS*
After GSS*
US Millions 3
1.9
2
1.2
1
0
Store Count
Average
In Stock %
Average
Turn/Year
Storage
Tool
Automotives
2500
2500
2200
97.5%
95.6%
98.5%
10.5
9.6
8.8
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Advanced Planning and Scheduling
(APS) systems
Programs that use algorithms to identify
optimal solutions to complex planning
problems that are bound by constraints
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Product Lifecycle Management
(PLM)
前身為 PDM: Product Data Management
處理有關產品設計的問題
零組件、物料清單 (BOM: Bill of Material)
Supporting Joint Design
協同設計
C-Design, c-Engineering
Business strategy that enables manufacturers to
control and share product related data as part of
product design and development efforts
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How Information Systems Are
Integrated
Web Services
An architecture enabling assembly of
distributed applications from software
services and tying them together
B2Bi: Business to Business Integration
e.g. Rosettanet
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資料交換
資訊
資料欄位、編碼
需要資料交換標準
訊息
反映單一事件（如：訂貨、確認、交貨）所需的
資訊，傳統文件（如：訂單、確認單、交貨單等）
訊息交換標準
程序
單一事件所牽涉到的過程
過程整合Process integration
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資料交換方式
文字檔案、試算表檔案（批次，可多交易）
書面、傳真、媒體（如磁片）、網路（如ftp, e-mail）
EDI
單獨交易的交易資料
通常是專屬網路
國際標準UN/EDIFACT等
EOI- EDI over Internet
HTML （目視）
XML
程序整合（如RosettaNet, ebXML)
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什麼是標示語言(Markup Language)
“Markup” is a method of conveying
metadata (that is, information about a
dataset).
Markup Language use string literals, or
“tags”, to delimit and describe this data.
用途：方便閱讀、印刷、資訊交換
printer typesetting, proofreader, punctuation,
ASCII, C, RTF
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Example: HTML Document
<HTML>
<H1 ALIGN=CENTER>硬體</H1>
<FONT FACE size=2>顯示卡</FONT>
<FONT FACE size=2>誠洲</FONT>
<FONT FACE size=2>世旻電腦</FONT>
<FONT FACE size=2>林宏明</FONT>
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Example: XML Document
“extended” data tags
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="Big5" ?>
<產品搜尋>
<摘要>搜尋字串：“超薄手提電腦”，共找到 2 筆</摘要>
<產品>
<貨號>12478943</貨號>
<品名>IBM 240</品名>
<定價>$58,455</定價>
<說明頁 網址="http:/www.ibm.com.tw/product/nb/tp240">ThinkPad 240</說明頁>
</產品>
<產品>
<貨號>83424723</貨號>
<品名>Dell A123</品名>
<定價>$58,999</定價>
<說明頁 網址="http://www.dell.com.tw/product/nb/a123">NB A123</說明頁>
</產品>
</產品搜尋>
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XML的優點
開放平台： open, platform-independent
Vocabulary: 可以依Application Domain 定義tag
An XML vocabulary is a description of XML data that is
used as the medium for information exchange, often within
a specific domain of human activity(business, chemistry, law,
music, for example)
Program Readable
註：XML is not a programming language, nor an objectbased system, nor an operating system. It is a
powerful, elegant technique for thinking about,
exchanging, and presenting data in a platformindependent manner.
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XML與瀏覽器
XML改變了瀏覽器的內部結構
HTML Interpreter  XML Parser
XML使“Hypertext”網頁變成“Application”網
頁
Application Software  Browser Software
XML網頁不需瀏覽器，可經由應用系統直接
處理
中央大學。范錚強
85
Client Side of Web-XML
Presentation
Module
Browse
rApplication
Document ValidHandler ater
URL
Parser
XML File
HTTP
Server
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RosettaNet
RosettaNet is a consortium of major Information
Technology, Electronic Components and Semiconductor
Manufacturing companies working to create and
implement industry-wide, open e-business process
standards.
Cluster 0: RosettaNet Support
Provides administrative functionality
Cluster 1: Partner, Product and Service Review
Allows information collection, maintenance and distribution for
the development of trading-partner profiles and productinformation subscriptions
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RosettaNet
Cluster 2: Product Information
Enables distribution and periodic update of product and detailed
design information, including product change notices and
product technical specifications
Cluster 3: Order Management
Lets partners order catalog products, create custom solutions,
manage distribution and deliveries, and support product returns
and financial transactions
Cluster 4: Inventory Management
Enables inventory management, including collaboration,
replenishment, price protection, reporting and allocation of
constrained product
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RosettaNet
Cluster 5: Marketing Information Management
Enables communication of marketing information, including
campaign plans, lead information and design registration
Cluster 6: Service and Support
Provides post-sales technical support, service warranty and
asset management capabilities
Cluster 7: Manufacturing
Enables the exchange of design, configuration, process, quality
and other manufacturing floor information to support the
"Virtual Manufacturing" environment
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RosettaNet PIP
Partner Interface Process (PIP)
message guidelines and XML DTD's (Document type
definition).
Understand what the PIP number represents.
A PIP number has 3 parts: a number + a letter + another
number. Example: 3A4
The first number represents the Cluster. PIP 3A4 is in Cluster
3.
The letter represents the Segment. PIP 3A4 is in Segment A of
Cluster 3.
The second number is a sequential number which completes the
PIP number. PIP 3A4 is the 4th PIP in Segment A of Cluster 3.
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RosettaNet 3A4 PIP
中央大學。范錚強
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RosettaNet 3A4 PIP
RN 3A4
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92
ebXML
聯合國推動的企業間整合標準
以XML為基礎
延伸過去的EDI資料交換標準
動態的整合
需要一個中心的文件格式庫 repository
可能進行文件格式的轉換
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corporate (enterprise) portal
A gateway for entering a corporate Web
site, enabling communication,
collaboration, and access to company
information
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Types of Generic Corporate Portals
Portals for Suppliers and Other Partners
Customer Portals
Employee Portals
Executive and Supervisor Portals
Mobile Portals
Portals accessible via mobile devices,
especially cell phones and PDAs
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The Functionalities of Portals
information portals
Portals that store data and enable users to
navigate and query the data
collaborative portals
Portals that allow collaboration
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Workflow
The movement of information as it flows through the
sequence of steps that make up an organization’s
work procedures
workflow systems
Business process automation tools that place system
controls in the hands of user departments to automate
information processing tasks
workflow management
The automation of workflows, so that documents,
information, and tasks are passed from one participant
to the next in the steps of an organization’s business
process
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Collaboration and Groupware: Some
Basic Concepts
groupware
Software products that support groups of people who
share common tasks or goals and collaborate on their
accomplishment
Synchronous Versus Asynchronous Communication
virtual team
A group of employees using information and
communications technologies to collaborate from
different work bases
– Mass Collaboration
中央大學。范錚強
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Electronic Meeting Systems: Face-toface Support And Virtual Meetings
virtual meetings
Online meetings whose members are in different
locations, even in different countries
group decision support system (GDSS)
An interactive computer-based system that
facilitates the solution of semistructured and
unstructured problems by a group of decision
makers
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Real-time Collaboration Tools for
Virtual Meetings
screen-sharing software
Software that enables group members, even
in different locations, to work on the same
document, which is shown on the PC
screen of each participant
Sharing Documents and Workspaces
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Electronic Teleconferencing
teleconferencing
The use of electronic communication that allows
two or more people at different locations to have
a simultaneous conference
video teleconference
Virtual meeting in which participants in one
location can see participants at other locations on
a large screen or a desktop computer
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Electronic Teleconferencing2
data conferencing
Virtual meeting in which geographically dispersed groups
work on documents together and exchange computer files
during videoconferences
Web Conferencing
Unified communication (UC)
Simplification of all forms of communication in the
enterprise
Web Collaboration
Web Suites
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Collaboration 2.0
The technology and tools used for
collaboration in the Web 2.0 world and in
Enterprise 2.0 that are in sync with social
networking and user-generated content
collaborative workspace
An interconnected environment in which all
the participants in dispersed locations can
access and interact with each other just as
inside a single entity
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Other tools
instant messaging
Technologies that create the possibility of
realtime text-based communication between
two or more participants over the
Internet/intranet
presence information
Status indicator that conveys ability and
willingness of a potential communication
partner
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Other tools2
Mobile Collaboration in the Web 2.0 Environment
Mobile social networking service
Mobile handset
mobile instant messaging
Messaging service that transposes the desktop messaging
experience to the usage scenario of being on the move
Mobile Unified Communication
voice-over-IP (VoIP)
Communication systems that transmit voice calls over
Internet Protocol–based networks
Blogs, Wikis, Virtual Worlds, Forums, and Other
Tools
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Managerial Issues
1. How difficult is it to introduce
e-collaboration?
2. How much can be shared with business partners?
3. Who benefits from vendor-managed inventory?
4. What are the costs and benefits of RFID?
5. Who is in charge of our portal and intranet content?
6. Who will design the corporate portal?
7. Should we conduct virtual meetings?
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