Transcript KENYA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE

THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT IN AGRICULTURAL
TRANSFORMATION IN KENYA
Dr. E. A. Mukisira
Director KARI
PRODUCTION CONSTRAINTS
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Production and livelihood constraints
Technology and information needs
Demography, literacy, socio-economics
Lack of Innovative and participatory
research
Poor policies and infrastructure
CONSTRAINTS TO TECHNOLOGY
ADOPTION AND UP-SCALING
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Inadequate community participation
High level of poverty
Cultural issues
Poor infrastructure
Marketing problems
Inappropriate mechanization
KARI’S CORE FUNCTIONS
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Generating technologies, knowledge and
information
Catalyzing and facilitating innovative processes
Creating and strengthening partnerships for impact
Conducting strategic, adaptive and applied research
In collaboration with partners, contribute to the
production of regional and international public
goods.
RESEARCH UNDERTAKEN BY NARIs
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Strategic Research
Applied Research
Adaptive Research
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
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Aggressive programs of crop breeding for
increased yields
Purposeful livestock breeding programme and
management
Highly developed feeding systems for livestock.
Value addition technologies
Application of biotechnology
RELEASES OF CROP VARIETIES AND
VACCINES/KITS
Commodity
1985-1990
1991-1995
1996-to Present
Maize
2
2
41
Wheat
3
6
12
Sorghum and
Millets
1
3
16
Irish Potato
0
2
5
Sweet Potato
0
0
6
Grain Legumes
0
7
25
Flowers
0
16
42
Total
6
36
147
Vaccines/Kits***
3
5
10
IMPROVED VARIETIES: IMPACT
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Maize. Improved maize varieties and hybrids were
widely adopted in the 1980’s, in a few countries, such as
Kenya (80 percent), Malawi (30 percent), Tanzania (28
percent), Zambia (49 percent) and Zimbabwe (73
percent).
Cassava. Improved disease-resistant strains of cassava
have been adopted, reaching more than half the cassava
area in Nigeria
Rice. The New Rice for Africa-combining the highyielding potential of Asian rice with the resistance of
African rice to weeds, pests, diseases and water stress.
Beans. In eastern, central and southern Africa, nearly 10
million farmers, mostly women, are reportedly growing
and consuming new bean varieties.
AREA PLANTED WITH IMPROVED
VARIETIES.
100
80
60
40
20
0
Rice
Wheat
Sub-Saharan
East Asia & Pacific
Latin America & Caribbean
Maize
Sorghum Cassava Potatoes
South Asia
Middle East & North Africa
NUMBER OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS INVOLVED
IN VARIOUS CROP ENTERPRISES-THE CASE
FOR KENYA
Crop
Enterprise
Number of Farm Households
Maize
2,957,385
Pulses
1,780,465
Sorghum and
Millets
304,495
Potato
525,513
Cassava
207,200
Wheat/Barley
114,886
Total
5,889,944
20 YEARS OF MAIZE RESEARCH: WHAT
DIVIDENDS?
Variety
Grain yield t/ha
Year of release
H625
H614D
H626
KH 600-11D
KH 600-15A
KH 600-16A
KH 600-17A
KH 600-18A
KH 600-14E
6.90
6.60
7.20
7.19
7.43
7.80
8.10
8.32
8.19
1981
1986
1989
1999
2001
2001
2002
2004
2004
20 YEARS OF MAIZE RESEARCH: WHAT
DIVIDENDS? contd…
Variety
Grain yield t/ha
Year of release
KH 600-19A
KH 600-20A
KH 600-21A
KH 600-22A
KOPVO2 (HAC)
KOPV01
KH 600-23A
KH 600-24A
8.53
8.60
8.64
8.68
6.35
5.80
9.5
10.5
2005
2005
2006
2006
2007
2007
2008
2008
CHALLENGES OF TECHNOLOGY
TRANSFER INITIATIVES
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Weak outreach programs
Inadequate Human Resource capacity
Inadequate credit facilities
Ineffective Partners and partnerships
Inadequate attention to product value chain
concept
TESTING NEW APPROACHES TO SCALING-UP
OF TECHNOLOGIES; KARI’S EXPERIENCE
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Adaptive Research
KARI-ATIRI
Other approaches
include farmer field
schools (FFS), farmerresearcher groups,
PLAR
ICT based technology
transfer approaches
FARMER EMPOWERMENT THROUGH
PARTICIPATORY ADAPTIVE RESEARCH
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Builds farmer confidence in technology.
Promotes technology ownership by
farmers.
Promotes farmer capacity to demand
new technologies and information.
Exposes farmers to diversity of
technologies through exchange visits.
Promotes farmer to farmer extension.
BENEFITS OF PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH
APPROACHES
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Builds mutual confidence
Creates technology
ownership
In-built dissemination
Farmer M&E and feedback
Diversity of technologies
through exchange visits
AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY &
INFORMATION RESPONSE INITIATIVE
(ATIRI)
 Concern about low
impact of KARI
technologies
 Empowers farmers
to demand tech.
 Paradigm shift from
“supply” to “demand”
 Catalyses
dissemination and
adoption
ATIRI OBJECTIVES
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Enhance farmers’ capacity to make
technological and information demands from
KARI
Strengthen KARI’s Capacity to meet these
demands thro’ feedback into research
Improve partnerships for better delivery
To test new methods for rapid up-scaling
KENYA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
PROGRAMME (KAPP)
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12-year, 3-phases of 3, 4 and 5 years
Multi-sectoral, multi-institutional
Support to Policy & Institutional Reform
Support to National Agric. Res. System
Support to National Extension Reform
Support to Farmer Empowerment
KAPP-LESSONS LEARNT ON
EXTENSION DELIVERY SERVICES
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Adequate professionals for pluralistic
extension services
Potential to develop a robust public-private
partnerships for effective and efficient
extension delivery service
Government could contract private individuals
or institutions to deliver extension services
WAY FORWARD: TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT
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Resource mobilization in the MTP (20082013) while pursuing Vision 2030
Greater involvement of the private sector in
supporting Agricultural Research
Balancing adaptive and strategic/basic
research
Exploring new research areas- e.g.bio-fuels,
climate change
WAY FORWARD: TECHNOLOGY
ADOPTION
Targeted Areas
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Establishment of a science park operated by
NARS/Private sector
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Techno-shops/parks at NARIs
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND
TRANSFER: POLICY CONSIDERATION
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Formulation of an effective NARS Policy
Formulate an effective national Agriculture
extension policy
Create an outreach unit to effectively establish
partnership towards accelerated technology
transfer
Create sustainable funding mechanisms for
research and technology transfer
EFFECTIVE PARTNERSHIPS FOR DEMAND
DRIVEN RESEARCH
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Engage potential Donors to support priority
demand driven research
Strengthen collaboration with the
NARIs/Universities in-country and abroad
Strategic Partnerships for specific Projects
THANK YOU