Transcript Project Review Special Applications

Principles of LEDS
April 07
Udo van Slooten
PCT Special Applications
Business Unit Solid State Lighting
Principles of LED’s
Benefits of LEDs
LED Technology General
Optical Characteristics
Binning
White Light
Thermal and Electrical behavior
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Benefits of LEDs (1)
General:
• Much longer life (50K Hours)
• Reduced maintenance costs
• More energy efficient than incandescent and
Halogen lamps
• No IR radiation or UV in the beam
• Highly efficient plastic optics can be used
Architectural/design:
• Design flexibility, hidden light широкие возможности дизайна, скрытые
источники света
• Vivid saturated colors - without filters
• Directed направленный light for increased system
efficiency
• Robust надежное, vibration proof, solid state lighting
• Lower light pollution, due to better optical control
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Benefits of LEDs (2)
Unique LED advantages:
• Dynamic color control, white point tunable
• Fully dimmable without color variation
• Instant on, full color, 100% light
• No efficiency loss due to filtering
• Install and forget
Environment:
• No Mercury in the light source
Safety/low temperature:
•
•
•
•
Cold start capable (down to -40°C)
Low voltage DC operation работа на постоянном токе низкого напряжения
Highly efficient in cold environment
Sealed герметичны for life waterproof luminaries
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LED Technology: LED Principle
Current [mA]
LED means: Light Emitting Diode
Semiconductor Light Source
350
2.6
3.5
Voltage [V]
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LED Electrical Characteristic
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LED Technology: LED Principle
Energy level high
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Energy level low
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LED Technology:
LED Principle Electron Energy энергия электрона vs Wavelength
Blue light
High Energy
Red light
Low Energy
Increase of energy
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LED Technology: Material Systems
Диапазон энергии
Energy of the electron in [eV]
3.50 3.25 3.00
2.75
2.50
2.25
350
450
500
550
400
материалы для светодиодов
2.00
600
1.75
650
700
750
800
Wavelength [nm]
AlGaAs
AlInGaP
InGaN
Yellow gap : No LEDs available between 550 and 585nm
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LED Technology: Definition of levels
Level 0
LED-Chip
кристалл
Level 1
LED
or
lamp
Дискретный
элемент
Level 2
LEDs on
PCB
сборка
Level 3
LED module
with optics
and driver
Интегриро-ванная
система = уровень 2 +
оптика и блок питания
уровни светодиодов, определение
Level 4
Luminaire
Готовый светильник
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LED Technology: Type of LEDs
INDICATORS
Surface mount LEDs
(SMD)
- Indicators in:
- computers
- cars
- mobile phones
SIGNAGE
Through hole
Superflux and 5mm LEDs
- Indicators
- Third brakelights стоп-сигналы
LUXEON LEDs:
- Traffic signals светофоры
- General illumination
- Torches
- Entertainment industry
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ILLUMINATION
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LED Technology:
Type of LEDs : 5mm LED vs Philips LUXEON
Light Emitted Forward
Light Emitted Forward
LED Chip
Plastic Lens
Reflector
Silicone
Encapsulate
PC Board
InGaN
Semiconductor
Flip Chip
Cathode Lead
Cathode Lead
Anode Lead
Gold Wire
Золотой проводник
Heatsink Slug
теплоотвод
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Solder Connection
Паяное соединение
Reflector Cup
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LED Technology:
Type of LEDs : Philips LUXEON K2
Silicon Lens
Chip or die кристалл
Built-in heat sink to
transfer of heat to
(MC)PCB
Electrical
connections
разъемы
Plastic
Housing
Bond wire
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соединитель
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LED Technology:
misconception: “all LEDs last 50,000 hours or longer”
Light output
100%
80%
Typical
LUXEON led
60%
Typical
superflux led
40%
высокояркий
20%
0%
Typical
5mm LED
Time (hrs)
10khrs
20khrs
30khrs
40khrs
50khrs
Philips specifies useful life in hours and light output.
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The Affinium LED string uses superflux type LED’s
The Medium Power string uses Luxeon type LED’s
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LED Technology:
Type of LEDs Overview
5mm LEDs
SMD LEDs
LUXEON I
and III
LUXEON K2
0.3 W
0.5 W
1 – 3.5 W
1–5W
1-3 lm
0.1 – 12 lm
45 – 80 lm
> 80 lm
Lens
epoxy
epoxy
Silicon and
plastic
Silicon
Temp. Range
(junction)
Max. 120 °C
Max. 120 °C
Max. 135 °C
Max. 165 °C
20 - 50 khrs
20 – 50 khrs
Power
мощность
Flux White
поток
Lifetime
5 khrs
10 -LED
february-2006
white
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Optical Characteristics:
Lambertian Radiation Pattern Ламбертова диаграмма направленности излучения
100
90
Relative
RelativeIntensity
Intensity (%)
80
70
60
50
40
30
Typical
Upper
Bound
Typical Upper
Bound
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верхняя граница
Typical
Lower
Bound
Typical Lower
Bound
10
0
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Angular
Displacement
(Degrees)
Angular
Displacment
(Degrees)
угловое смещение (градусов)
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Optical Characteristics:
Relative Intensity
(%)(%)
Relative
Intensity
Batwing Radiation Pattern диаграмма направленности излучения
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-100 -80
Typical
Upper
T yp ical
Up pBound
er Bou n d
Typical
Lower
Bound
T yp icalL
ower
Bou n d
-60 -40 -20
0
20 40
60
AngularDisplacement
Displacement (Degrees)
Angular
(Degrees)
80
100
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Binning
# of products
INPUT PRODUCTS
Flux [lm]
поток
Bin 3
Bin 2
Bin 1
# of products
OUTPUT
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Flux [lm]
LEDs are binned on:
• Flux
• Color
• Forward Voltage прямое напряжение
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Binning: Example binning structure
Dominant wavelength bin structure for cyan LUXEON,
LUXEON K2, LUXEON III and LUXEON V emitters and arrays.
Bin Code
Minimum Dominant
Wavelength (nm)
1
490
2
3
4
5
6
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Maximum Dominant
Wavelength (nm)
495
495
500
500
505
505
510
510
515
515
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520
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White Light: White LED principle
Yellow Photon
Blue Photon
Phosphor
LED Chip
Blue Photon
Blue LED Chip
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Thermal Behavior
•
•
•
температурные характеристики
of LEDs
LEDs emit “cold” Light and no IR or UV
LEDs are not 100% efficient => Heat (50%)
LEDs can not withstand high temperatures (125°- 150°)
We have to take care of good heat sink possibilities, to get the best
life-time
Light Emitted Forward
Plastic Lens
Sillicone
Encapsulent
InGaN
Semiconductor
Flip Chip
Cathode Lead
Solder Connection
Gold Wire
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Паяное соединение
Reflector Cup
Heatsink Slug
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Heat
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Thermal Path LED application
тепловой мостик
Moving air
(natural convection)
Heat Sink transferring
the heat to ambient
(Metal Core) PCB
spreading the heat
LED Heat sink or slug сердечник
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LED Chip with junction спайка
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