Transcript NACSO and the National CBNRM Programme

NACSO and the National
CBNRM Programme
Background
Prior to 1996, rural communities on communal land in Namibia had no rights over
wildlife:
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All wildlife was State property and was generally poorly managed
Local communities often suffered extensive losses as a result of wildlife
Hunting and poaching was rife and wildlife populations were declining
In contrast, commercial farmers have been entitled to utilise wildlife on their land and,
thereby, benefit from it since 1975.
In 1996, the Government of the Republic of Namibia introduced legislation to
grant legal rights to rural communities over the management and utilisation
of their natural resources, giving communal area residents the same rights
over wildlife and tourism as freehold farmers
This resulted in the development, in the mid-1980s, of the
Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) Programme
CBNRM in Namibia
The CBNRM Programme is a joint venture between government, non-governmental
institutions, communities, community-based organisations and development partners
which aims to:
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promote wise and sustainable use of natural resources and encourage biodiversity
conservation
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devolve rights over and responsibilities for wildlife and tourism to rural
communities, creating enterprise and income generation opportunities
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encourage and assist communities to acquire skills to manage their area sustainably
and actively pilot their own future
These objectives are achieved through the formation of Conservancies…
“Conservancies empower local people to make their own decisions about their own resources,
while enabling them to benefit from these resources. Conservancies should be seen as creating
an institutional infrastructure in helping to diversify rural economies. Through the conservancy
system, my government has created an environment and an opportunity for natural resource
based industries to develop”
Dr Sam Nujoma, President of the Republic of Namibia
Rights of conservancies
A registered conservancy, on behalf of the community it represents,
acquires new rights and responsibilities with regard to the
consumptive and non-consumptive use and management of wildlife:
Consumptive uses include: use of game for trophy hunting, consumption,
commercial sale for meat or capture for live sale
Non-consumptive uses include: tourism ventures such as community-based
tourism enterprises and joint venture agreements with private sector
entrepreneurs
Legal requirements for the formation of
communal area conservancies
• Defined membership and registered members;
• Defined area with agreed boundaries;
• Legal constitution, providing for game
management and utilisation plan & Equitable
benefits distribution plan – constitution outlines
conservancy purpose and objectives, define
membership, management structure, elections,
decision-making etc.;
• Representative management committee – either
elect new or adopt and adapt existing one;
Historical Background (NACSO)
• IRDNC activities since late 1980s
• LIFE Programme support since 1993
• MET legislation passed in 1996 (increased
interest, demand and stakeholders)
• Need for national coordination mechanism
discussed since 1997
• Formation of CAN/NACSO (1999/2000)
Aim
The aim of NACSO is to promote, support and further
the development of community-based approaches to the
wise and sustainable management of natural resources,
thereby striving to advance rural development and
livelihoods, to promote biodiversity conservation and to
empower communities through capacity building and
good governance, to determine their own long-term
destinies.
RF – MET
IRDNC – MET
(NNF, Nacobta, LAC,
UNAM, RCs, Sardep)
(NNF, RF, Nacobta,
LAC, UNAM)
IRDNC – MET
(NNF, RF, Nacobta,
LAC, UNAM)
NNDF – MET
(NNF, RF, Nacobta, LAC,
UNAM, MBEC, HU,
MWARD)
RISE – MET
(NNF, RF, Nacobta,
LAC, UNAM)
……… – MET
(NNF, RF, Nacobta, LAC,
UNAM)
NDT – MET
(NNF, RF, Nacobta, LAC,
UNAM, Sardep,
MAWRD)
Current Members
Structure
Annual General
Meeting
NACSO Grant
Approval Board
Management
Committee
Quarterly Members’
Meetings
Institutional
Dev. W/G
IRDNC
Legal
W/G
LAC
Training
W/G
RF
Strategic
W/G
NNF
Secretariate
Grants
Mgt. &
M&E
NNF
NRM
W/G
DEA
BED
W/G
Nacobta
Research
&
Evaluation
Unam
Field based implementation is coordinated by a partnership between Local MET offices and Regional based NGO’s.
Refer to map of NACSO partners to show the institutional arrangements in each geographical area
Conservancy Support Activities
• Development of Conservancy
Management and Monitoring Systems
• Training
• Tourism Development & Promotion
• Marketing of Trophy Hunting
• Marketing & Harvesting of Veldt Products
• Reintroduction & Sale of Game
• Advocacy on Conservation Policies/Legislation
Development of Conservancy Management
& Monitoring Systems
One of the most basic requirements for managing
the wildlife in the region is a tool that will tell conservancies:
1. how many animals there are
2. where they are and how they move around the region
3. population trends of the various species over time
Springbok
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
2000
Year 1
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year 10
Example: annual game counts
To determine wildlife numbers, trends and distributions…
Planning
Undertaking
Reporting
N/W
Namibia
5 million ha
Gemsbok
Distribution
Springbok Population
?
Count zones
Route maps
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
?
2004
?
2005
?
2006
?
2007
?
2008
Monitoring also includes, for example, monitoring incidents of
poaching, problem animals, trophy hunting, fishing
Date
Species
Grid Cell
East South
Notes
Eventually a map showing where each
incident occurred
Use 2kmX2km Grid (hand drawn or GIS)
MONTHS
Training
Institutional aspects
Annual audits record, for every
conservancy each year, progress in
many areas:
Base maps
These can be compiled to
provide a national overview:
Community Camp Sites
•Develop a central Reservation office
•Develop ‘tourism routes’
•Standardize sites
•Quality control
Joint-Venture Lodges
• Joint-Venture Agreements
• Identifying new locations
Marketing of Trophy Hunting
•Wildlife Management Plan
•Quota Application & Approval
•Hunting Concession Approval
•Trophy Quality Monitoring
Marketing & Harvesting of Veldt Products
& Craft production
Reintroduction & Marketing of Game
• Create the right environment
• Build and maintain releasing facilities
• Have wildlife monitoring systems in place
Advocacy on Conservation Policies/Legislation
Community meeting
Understanding and facilitating CBNRM
training for MET wardens & rangers from all
regions.
…”What our people want is to be
involved in the decision-making
process and to actively participate
in decisions, which will ultimately
affect them. They then will take
ownership of these decisions and
ensure that they are successfully
implemented.” (extract from the
Statement by his Excellency
President Sam Nujoma on Sept.
26th, 1998)
Gabes Geigub, MET warden based in
Windhoek at the understanding & facilitating
CBNRM training at Harmony Centre.
Conservancy quarterly planning workshop.
* Conservancy Association(s)
Where are conservancies in Namibia?
 Around 78,000 km2,
representing 9 % of
Namibia, now falls within
communal area
conservancies
 Over 95,000 rural people
live within conservancies;
around 40% of them are
conservancy members
 A further 14 % of Namibia
is protected under the
state Protected Areas
network, and 5 % is
within conservancies on
freehold land
Area under Communal Conservancies
29 registered conservancies
30 emerging = ca. 60000 km2
Committees Representing Diverse Communities
>60 Communities mobilized into
representative governance bodies
Wildlife Populations & Trends in North-West Namibia
Springbok
300
Gemsbok
60
250
50
200
40
150
30
100
20
50
10
0
0
2000
2000
2001
2002
2001
2002
2003
2003
Zebra
25
20
15
10
5
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
Population trends for gemsbok, springbok, and Hartmann’s zebra in NW Namibia from 2000 through 2003 based upon animals observed per 100 kms driven
(Source: MET/WWF/NACSO, 2003)
Programmatic Impacts (economic /
financial benefits)
Summary CBNRM Programme Benefits by
Percentage
Conservancy Income/benefits
for 2003 are as follows: 2003 Income (N$)
Miscellaneous
1%
Interest Earned
1%
Own Use Game
1%
0%
7%
Campsites/CBTEs
0%
Trophy Hunting
Live Game Sale
1%
Joint Venture Tourism
Game Donation
Campsites
Crafts
CBTEs
Game Meat Dist.
36%
1%
Game Meat Dist. 1%
1%
3% 0%
3%
Crafts
4%
Thatching Grass
7%
1%
Own Use Game
36%
4% 2%
Cultural Tourism
Interest Earned
Miscellaneous
Campsite Donation
27%
Game Donation
2%
Campsite Mgmt. Training
17%
Thatching Grass
Live Game Sale
Trophy Hunting
17%
Joint Venture Tourism
27%
Total Income = N$14,606,431
Total Conservancy Income = N$7,261,905
Total Household Income = N$5,774,520
Challenges and the Way Forward
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Broadening beyond wildlife
Low political profile of wildlife sector
Prevention of aborted devolution
Capacity constraints (National and local
levels)
Conclusion
Success Through CBNRM Is A Long Road!
The Beginning