Transcript Historical Background of CBNRM in Namibia

NACSO & CBNRM
PROGRAM
NACSO &
CBNRM
By Maxi Pia Louis
VISION 2030
THE OVERRIDING
MESSAGE THAT THIS
REPORT CONVEYS IS :
by capitalising on Namibia’s comparative advantages
and providing appropriate incentives to use our natural
resources in the most efficient ways possible, we will be
in a better position to create a safer, healthier and more
prosperous future for all Namibians – to 2030 and
beyond.
State Parks
13.7 m ha
Communal
Conservancies
10.5 m ha
Freehold
Conservancies
4.3 m ha
Hunting farms
3.5 m ha
Private Reserves
0.5 m ha
Overview
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1. Introduction to NACSO
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2. CBNRM and Conservancy overview
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3. Challenges to the national CBNRM
programme
1. Introduction to NACSO
Who we are: Current NACSO
members
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CRIAA SADC
Desert Research Foundation of Namibia (DRFN)
Legal Assistance Centre
IRDNC
MRCC- UNAM
NACOBTA
Namibia Development Trust (NDT)
Nyae Nyae Development Foundation
NANGOF
NNF
RISE
Rössing Foundation
!Nara
Otjozondjupa Conservancy Regional Association
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A few individual members
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MET has observer status
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Background to the
formation of NACSO
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IRDNC activities since early 1980s
Of the
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LIFE Programme support since 1993
Republic of
Namibia
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MET legislation passed in 1996
(increased interest, demand and
stakeholders)
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Gift to the Earth Award received in
1998
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Formation of NACSO (1999)
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Funded by: USAID, WWF, ……
Government
gazette
Windhoek - 17 June 1996
No. 1333
contents
Government Notice
No. 151 Promulgation of Nature
Conservation Amendment Act, 1996
(Act 5 of 1996), of the Parliament
Founding philosophy and principles
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Voluntary Association of organisations
with a CBNRM track record
To harness wide range of skills available
into synergetic nation-wide supportive
CBNRM movement
Acknowledge that no single institution
houses all of the skills, resources and
capacity to provide the required multifaceted assistance to community
organisations
Intention not to establish new
implementing organisation but to
improve national level coordination and
sharing of information
Small, lean and mean Secretariat
Founding principles (cont.)
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Implementation roles and functions
spread out amongst members, and
Secretariat working through member
organisations
Regular review of services provided
Decision-making by consensus
Differentiate between NACSO as a
support structure and the National
CBNRM Programme
Differentiate between NACSO Secretariat
and NACSO as an association
Partners and Linkages
2. Conservancy overview
Where are conservancies in Namibia?
 50 Conservancies gazetted
to date
 Around 118,704 km2,
representing 39.8 % of
Namibia, now falls within
communal area
conservancies
 220,620 people living in
conservancies
Conservancy Support
Activities
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Natural Resource
Management
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Institutional Development
and Capacity building
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Business and Enterprise
Development
Social, institutional and
Governance
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Mobilization of diverse
communities
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Capacity built
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Advocacy
Institutional Development
and Capacity Building
Getting
registered:
Managing
conservancy assets:
•Boundaries
•Membership
•Committee
•Constitution
•Management
and monitoring
•Wildlife
•Natural Resources
•Tourism
•Finances
•Staff & assets
•Communication
•Legal
•HIV & AIDS
Development of Conservancy NR Management
& Monitoring Systems
Game use & reintroduction
Monitoring
Land use
planning
Diversify
beyond
wildlife
SAVE OUR PEOPLE!
SAVE OUR RESOURCES!
SAVE OUR NATION!
WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS
AS MUCH AS HIV AND AIDS ARE
IMPACTING ON THE ROGRAM, THE
CBNRM PROGRAM IS ADVERSELY
IMPACTING ON THE PANDEMIC:
Why?
 On organizational staff are migrant workers.
 Conservancy staff are migrant workers.
 We are bringing development to the people.
 We are changing the economic environment of people.
 We are changing the social environment of people.
 We are creating exchange opportunities
THE IMPACTS OF HIV AND AIDS
ON OUR PROGRAM
ON ORGANIZATION LEVEL:
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Absenteeism
Low work production
Loss of working hours
Reduction in organizational income
Extra burden on other staff.
Stigma
Discrimination.
Loss of organizational capacity.
Loss of skills and so many others
IMPACTS OF HIV AND AIDS ON
THE CONSERVANCIES:
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Absenteeism from conservancy activities.
Loss of working hours
Loss of skills.
Loss of expertise.
Loss of indigenous knowledge.
Loss of conservancy management.
Loss of conservancy income.
Loss of community support.
Conservancy breakdown.
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IMPACTS OF HIV AND AIDS ON NATURAL
RESOURCES:
Exploitation of resources.
Over utilization of resources such as:
Grass
Wood
Medicinal plants
Game pouching
Desertification
Land Grabbing
HOW DO WE MITIGATE IMPACTS?
MAKING HIV AND AIDS PART AND PARCEL OF
WHAT WE ARE DOING!!
MAINSTREAMING IT INTO THE CBNRM PROGRAM.
OUR MITIGATION STRATEGIES:
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Establishment of HIV and AIDS structures within the already
existing CBNRM program.
HIV and AIDS Policies in place.
HIV and AIDS Programs in place at NGO, conservancy and
community levels.
Active awareness raising
TOT trainings and transformation of information
Breaking down stigma and discrimination.
Networking and linkages with other partners
Monitoring of our natural resources.
Establishing of social support structures.
Program monitoring and evaluation.
Tourism
Developments&
Marketing
Campsites, crafts,
guiding
Joint
Venture
Lodges
Namibia National CBNRM Program
2006 Benefits
CBNRM Program Benefits 1994 - 2006
32,000,000
28,000,000
24,000,000
20,000,000
N$ 16,000,000
12,000,000
8,000,000
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
01
20
00
20
99
19
98
19
97
19
96
19
95
19
19
94
4,000,000
0
Year
Conservancy Non-Financial
Benefits
NR-based Household/Wage Income
Conservancy / Enterprise Committee Income
US$3,983,430
CBNRM Program 2006 - Source of Benefits
Thatching Grass
9%
Own Use Game
3%
Interest Earned
1%
Premium Hunting
0%
Live Game Sale
0%
Shoot and Sell
2%
Veld products
0%
Campsites/CBTEs
14%
Game Meat Dist.
3%
Crafts
2%
Game Donation
3%
Trophy Hunting
23%
Joint Venture Tourism
40%
5. Key Challenges
Challenges for The Conservancy
Program
• Finding Common Ground to Bridge
Cultural Diversities
• Low Literacy Levels in Communal Areas
• Improving Local Governance
• Poor Understanding of Business
Management
• Overstretched Capacity
• Agricultural Subsidies
• Continued Improvement of Conservation Policies
• Human Wildlife Conflicts
Conclusions
CBNRM and conservancies are an ideal mechanism to promote rural
development because they:
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bring new and potentially large sources of income to poor rural
people
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are excellent entry points for all forms of rural development
because of the institutional mechanisms already in place
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are excellent entry points for integrated land and natural resource
management initiatives
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promote good governance and democracy at local levels
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offer entry points for capacity-building, empowerment and skills
transfer
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deliver real OUTCOMES to local and national development
Thank you!