Transcript Chapter 4
Cultures of the World Culture • Culture • A way of life for people who share similar beliefs and customs • Cultural traits • A characteristic of people, such as language, skills, customs; that are passed down from generation to generation Cultural Elements • What you can see • Houses • Television, Food, Clothing • Sports, entertainment, literature • What you can’t see • • • • Spiritual beliefs Government Ideas about right and wrong Language • Heritage is not culture: • Culture is determined by environment… Culture Board • Create a collage or board showing some of your cultural elements • Heritage is ok, but remember that is not necessarily your culture…. • 10 points for neatness • 15 points for creativity • 20 points for presentation/ explanation Development of Culture • Cultures develop over a long period of time • Early cultures: 4 stages • • • • 1-invention of tools 2-discovery of fire 3-growth of agriculture (Green Rev.) 4-use of writing People and the land • Technology • Tools and the skills that people need to use them. Science, computers, industry. • Cultural Landscape • How the land has been changed by humans and the technology they use Agriculture • Agriculture dealing with: • Farming • Growing crops and raising livestock Sharing Ideas • Cultural diffusion • The movement of customs and ideas from one culture to another. • Acculturation • The process of accepting, borrowing, and exchanging ideas and traits among cultures. Organizing a Society (Cultures living together) • Social structure • A way of organizing people into smaller groups • The family is the most important social unit of any culture. Kinds of Families • Nuclear family • A family unit which includes a mother, father, and their children • Extended family • A family unit that may include parents, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins often living with or near each other • 3 important features of a culture • 1- Social Organization • A persons rank or status • 2- Language • Every culture is based on language • Language reflects things that are important to people • 3- Religion • Provides comfort and hope for people during difficult times • Guides people in ethics • Ethics - Standards of accepted behavior Economic Systems • Economy • Is a system for producing, distributing and consuming goods and services Economy • Producers • A person that makes the products • Owners and workers • Produces goods • Goods- Products that are made to be sold • Cars, computers, paper, food • Services • Work done or duties performed for other people Economy • Consumers • People that buy and use the goods and services 3 Economies • Capitalism • Privately owned businesses • Consumer is important • Free-market Economy • U.S., Japan 3 Economies • Socialism • Government owns most businesses • Businesses for the good of society, not profit • Uses profits to pay for healthcare and education • Some businesses follow capitalism • Spain, Portugal, Italy • Canada has hints of socialism 3 Economies • Communism • Government owns all aspects of business • For the good of the people • Controls all aspects of citizens lives: • Prices of goods and services • What is produced • Workers salary • China, Cuba, North Korea Political Systems • Government • The system that sets up and enforces a society’s laws and institutions • 1- Direct Democracy • Everyone participated in decisions • Smaller groups: chiefs, elders • 2- Monarchy • King or Queen rule the government • Sweden, Denmark, Spain • 3- Constitutional Monarchy: • Government run by constitution • King and Queen just political symbols • Great Britain • 4- Representative Democracy • Representatives elected by the people to make decisions for them • U.S., Canada, Israel • 5- Dictatorship • When one person has almost complete power over a country • Fidel Castro, Adolf Hitler, Josef Stalin, Saddam Hussein, Palpatine