Transcript inner city development 1 - Tarumanagara University

Inner City Development
1
pengembangan lingkungan permukiman baru dan pusat kegiatan baru
(new development)
2
perbaikan dan peningkatan kualitas lingkungan
(redevelopment, renewal, reconstruction, revitalization, regeneration)
definisi
the older, central part of a city, often characterized by crowded,
run-down, low-income neighborhoods
The term inner-city is often applied to the poorer parts at the centre
of a major city. In the United States and United Kingdom, the term
"inner city" is sometimes used with the connotation of being an area,
perhaps a ghetto, where people are less educated and wealthy and
where there is more crime. These connotations are less common in
other Western countries, where deprived areas may be located in
outlying parts of cities. ...
Life cycle theory:
seperti juga makhluk hidup, kota memiliki siklus hidup (life
cycle) yang berjalan: lahir, berkembang, mapan dan
menurun. Pemerintah kota harus tanggap terhadap setiap
tahapan, sehingga dapat mengambil tindakan yang tepat.
Di area pusat kota Jakarta (inner city area), beberapa kawasan hunian
terencana (planned residential area) yang dibangun tahun 60-70an
telah mengalami penurunan kualitas (perubahan dan pencampuran
land use tak teratur, penurunan nilai ekonomi, penurunan kualitas
ruang terbuka, kesemrawutan wajah bangunan dan lingkungan, polusi
udara dan suara, macet, kehilangan urban life dan identitas lokal, dst)
Tindakan apa yang harus dilakukan?
latar belakang permasalahan
demographic profile changes
high tech research & high quality services jobs
elderly people
globalization, multi ethnic & multi cultural society
inner city decline
change of business activities
relocation industry area policy
the rise of foreigner
quality of life
green & [total] sustainability
high quality of housing
city competitiveness
UE & borderless phenomenon
[IT] clustering development
city marketing
Revitalization
heritage, historical area
Renewal
Informal area, decline area
Redevelopment
large-scale projects
(flagship project)
Regeneration
Renaissance
The goals of inner city development
a. Eliminating substandard housing
b. Revitalizing city economies
c. Construction good housing
d. Reducing de facto segregation
Positive impacts:
a. Attract (big amount of) investments
b. Generate local/urban economic growth
c. Supply job opportunities
d. Revive the decline of inner city area
Negative impacts
a. Gentrification as a zero sum game, local inhabitants as a victim
b. Social disparity and class segregation
c. A creative destruction (of urban structure)
d. More heavy to commercial (economic growth) interests than
community interests
Inner City Development as Flagship Project
Priorities of project
The city of Malmo is in a transition period,
changing from an industrial city to a city of
information and knowledge.
The priorities are to combine large investments
in infrastructure and an increasing population with
sustainable development.
Building new and revitalizing old residential
areas are urgent needs in the fast growing region.
The development should increase quality of life
for citizens and minimize the environmental
impact on them.
Bo 01: City of Tomorrow
Bo01 – a European Housing Exposition
scheduled for May 11 – September 9, 2001 – is
sited on a ‘post-industrial’ waterfront in Malmö.
Bo01, also referred to as the City of Tomorrow,
is the first phase of a long-term development
plan for the Västra Hamnen (Western Harbour)
area in Malmö.
The Exposition consists of two parts: a newly
constructed urban district with about 800
apartments and a temporary exhibition regarding
”The City of Tomorrow in the
ecologically sustainable information
and welfare society.”
Bo01 is understood to be an
outstanding project for the following
reasons:
● The project is expected to become a driving
force in Malmö’s overall development as a
sustainable city;
● Bo01 is envisioned as a model for the
reclamation of industrial harbor sites;
● The area is expected to be provided with 100%
renewable energy;
● Advanced systems are to be implemented for
local (re)-cycling of water, resources and wastes;
● Mobility systems are planned including vehicles
powered by environmentally-friendly fuels.
Melbourne Waterfront Project
Urban Regeneration
comprehensive and integrated vision and action which leads to the
resolution of urban problems and which seeks to bring about a lasting
improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental
condition of an area that has been subject to change
Variations of Urban Regeneration
Self-supported Municipal Improvement Districts/SMID (Iowa), Special Improvement
Districts/SID (New Jersey), Community Improvement Districts/CID (Missouri), Public
Improvement Districts/PID (Texas), Economic Improvement Districts/EID (Oregon),
Parking and Business Improvement Associations/PBIA (Washington), Improvement
Districts for Enhanced Municipal Services (Arizona), Municipal Special Services
Districts (Connecticut), Business Improvement Areas (Canada), and City
Improvement Districts/CID (South Africa).
Urban Renaissance (UK)
urban regeneration
ENTRUST- Empowering Neighborhood through Resource and Synergies with Trade (2004)
1. Aims of regeneration
2. Private sector involvement
3. The role of community participation
4. Mainstreaming and anchoring
Aims of regeneration
In the past, traditionally urban regeneration was mainly concerned
with physical improvement, over time the aims and the means of
regeneration have become multi-faceted and more complex to deal
with. They integrate different sectors and actors on several levels and
contexts, combining physical investment in 'hardware' with investment
in the social 'software' of a neighborhood.
Inner city neighborhoods are not isolated islands; they are embedded in a
city-wide system of relations and functions and play a certain role there. So,
successful urban regeneration approaches have to be integrated into regional
strategies in order to make use of such connections.
The others key words are manage tensions and conflicts between actors and
level of interests, based on transparency and democratic processes, the
regeneration as a learning system which mainly concern on process then
outputs.
Private sector involvement
There are many dimensions to the private sector and there is a variety
of reasons to bring private partners into urban regeneration – as much
as there are many types of involvement. The private sector includes
commercial enterprises (local businessmen, non-personal companies,
house owners and real estate developers), the 'third sector' (not-forprofit organizations) and also residents and consumers.
Instruments to involve the private sector include formal partnership
arrangements, network structures, private lending, direct investment,
participation in decision-making structures, and corporate social responsibility
(sponsorship).
Community participation
.
community involvement is about bringing in those who have a 'stake'
in the neighborhood – those who live there, those who work there
and those who are the owners and customers of local businesses
and services.
Participation can mean taking part in the design of a development program
and/or taking part in its implementation. In general, one aim of all
participation efforts is to empower the community.
Mainstreaming and anchoring
Urban regeneration is a very special case of public policy. It differs from
other public sector tasks. One major finding is that they are still mostly
experimental in character and have only been running for some years or
are being under review. They are only employed for deprived
neighborhoods and do not represent a city-wide approach to urban
governance, and they do not replace ongoing servicing of the
neighborhoods, which is still sectorally organized.
a core challenge of urban regeneration schemes is to create more
sustainable solutions and through finding ways to integrate
regeneration policies into the mainstream sectoral policies of the
cities.