Transcript The Future of Tissue Engineering

Tissue Engineering
Sandy Lum
Candidate for M.HSc
University of Toronto
1
What is Tissue Engineering?
According to the National Science Foundation
Tissue engineering the application of principles and
methods of engineering and life sciences toward
fundamental understanding of structure-function
relationships in normal and pathological mammalian
tissues and the development of biological substitutes to
restore, maintain or improve tissue function
What is Tissue Engineering?
1)
Inducing the patient's own body to regenerate damaged
tissue
Patient
Scaffold
Cell
Growth
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What is Tissue Engineering
2) Reconstruct and Replace the patients' cells or organs
with living tissue from patient’s own cells or from other
sources
Biopsy
Cells
Scaffold
Tissue
Replacement
Patient
2
3) Implanting prosthetic devices which functionally
replace living organs or tissues
The Significance
Replace palliative solutions for the treatment of Tissue and
Organ Failure
•
End Stage Renal Failure
•
Chronic Heart Diseases
•
Reconstructive Surgery
- Esophagus, Trachea, Ear
•
Heart valves
History
1986 First autologous transplantation of reconstructed
epidermis for extensively burned patient
1995 First reconstruction of human ligament
First culture of human bronchi cells
1996 FDA approves Artificial Skin
1997 Canada approved Apligraf for treatment of venous leg
ulcers
1998 First construction of a human blood vessel without
synthetic support
First construction of skin equivalent with a capillary like
network
1999 Reconstruction of human cornea produced in vitro
Industrial Developments
•
Skin2, a living human skin tissue used to test household,
chemical and pharmaceutical products (Stratum
Laboratories)
•
Artificial Skin for burn patients (Integra Life Sciences)
•
Dermagraft, dermal cell culture grown on a biodegradable
scaffold used to treat foot ulcers (Advanced Tissue
Science)
•
Cartilage Graft (BioTissue Labortories)
3
Some Current Research
Human Ear
Pancreatic Islet
and Liver Cells
4
Nerve Regeneration
Heart Valves
5
Future
•
Identification of new cell types for tissue
regeneration
•
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undifferentiated stem cells
•
Artificial Organs
•
Regeneration tissues
•
Nerve regeneration
•
Scaffolding – finding the optimal
material to enhance growth
Challenges
Challenges
Is a tissue engineered product a medical device or a
biological product?
Biological Product
AND
Medical Device
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Challenges
Safety and efficacy of tissue engineered products
• Development of Regulations and Standards
Inherent hazards and foreseeable misuse of
medical devices or biological products
Industry must start to consider,
1. Manufacturing
2. Storage and Stale dating
3. Sterility
4. Clinical Feasibility
Conclusions
Tissue engineered products are a key in replacing
palliative medical interventions
Predictions
1-2 years  Tissue engineered skin
3-5 years  Tissue engineered cartilage
5-10 years  Bioartificial Liver
Questions?
References
1. Grikscheit TC, Vacanti JP. The history and current status of Tissue
Engineering: The future of pediatric surgery. J Pediatr Surg, 37:277188, 2002
2. http://www.fibrogen.com/tissue/
3. http://www.biotissue-tec.com/en/products/bioseed-c_details.php
4. http://www.fmed.ulaval.ca/loex/ExplicationConcept_A.html
5. http://www.wmin.ac.uk/cter/whatis.htm&type=&no=21&tt=3
6. http://stemcells.nih.gov/stemcell/scireport.asp
7. http://www.fda.gov/oia/embslides/biologics2002/sld031.htm