Transcript Document
NOTES 09/02/14 WHAT IS MATTER? ●MATTER is anything that has mass and takes up space. oExamples of Matter: glass, paper, air, water, oil, polysnow, bouncy balls, etc. 1 2 ●SOLID (chair you sit in) ●LIQUID (water you drink) ●GAS (air you breathe) ●PLASMA (stars and space) 3 WHAT IS PLASMA? ●Go to: http://www.plasmas.org/whatare-plasmas.htm ●Read the website and answer: What is plasma? About this picture: A huge, handle-shaped cloud of relatively cool dense plasma suspended in the sun's hot, thin corona. (Image is taken from NASA's Web site: http://www.nasa.gov.) Grapes and Plasma??? (Don't try at home!!!!) 4 Properties of Matter ●Matter has many different properties (not everything is the same) ●Chemistry is study of the properties of matter and how matter changes. 5 ●Matter is classified into 2 main categories: 1) PURE SUBSTANCES 2) and MIXTURES 6 ●A pure substance has a single kind of matter, that is pure. This means it always has a specific makeup or composition. Table salt is a pure substance made up of Sodium and Chlorine it is ALWAYS NaCl ●There are THREE types of pure substances: elements, molecules, and compounds. ● Go to http://www.thefreedictionary.com/composition What is the definition of composition? 7 ●Elements: A pure substance composed of one kind of atom; the simplest form of matter. Elements can not be broken down EX: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Aluminum is a element found on the Periodic Table. It is a both solid and a metal. ATOMS This is a model of the element Fluorine (F) 8 ●The atom is the basic Black = Electrons (negative) particle from which all Purple = Neutrons (neutral) elements are made. Different elements have Red = Protons (positive) different properties because their atoms are different. This is why helium gas has different properties than the metal gold. The Core is the NUCLEUS. 9 ●MOLECULES: A molecule is formed when two or more atoms combine. ●Atoms combine due to a force of attraction, called chemical bonds. This is a WATER MOLECULE (H2O) The force that holds that hydrogen and oxygen atoms together is called a chemical bond. O H 10 ●Compound: 2 or more elements chemically combined together in a set ratio EX: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Water (H2O) A chemical formula shows the elements in a compound and the ratio of atoms 11 ●A mixture is made of two or more substances (elements or compounds, or both) that are together but NOT chemically combined. ●Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties Soil is a “mixture” 12 ●Not chemically combined EX: sand ●What is sand? Go to: http://www.planetseed.com/node/49912 13 ●Go to the following website and write down the definition of a mixture and some examples. http://education.jlab.org/qa/mixture.html 14 ●Mixtures are either heterogeneous or homogeneous. oHeterogeneous vs. Homogeneous 15 ●Mixtures are classified by how “well-mixed” they are. ●A solution is the “best mixed” mixture EX: Sugar water 16 ●Characteristic Properties of matter are the properties about a substance that are always true ●Help identify unknown matter ●Characteristic Properties include boiling point and melting point 17 ●Water boils at 100 ºC ●Temp. at which a liquid boils 18 ●Ice melts at 0ºC ●Temp at which a solid melts 19 Celsius Thermometer Observe the thermometer …. It gives you an idea of different temperatures! - 22 ● Physical Change: changes the form of a substance but not its identity EX: Filtering orange juice/pulp ● Chemical Change: a change that results in a new substance being formed EX: Burning Wood Chemical Reactions . . . 20 ●Physical Properties: are characteristics of pure substances that can be observed without changing it into substance. ●Examples of physical properties: hardness, texture, flexibility, and color. Example: slinky (metal is flexible and shiny) 21 ●Chemical Properties: are characteristics of pure substances that describe its ability to change into a different substance ●Examples of chemical properties: flammability, ability to react, ability to produce a new substance Example: Iron rusting (Iron will combine slowly with the air to form a new substance, rust)