Transcript SECURITY IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION 1. Lecture How the

European security
NATO respond to military
threats
Dr. Arūnas Molis
25 April, 2014
Tallinn
Overview
• NATO has made a long way since 1949
• It evolved few times – showed flexibility
• First it was a war-fighting defensive alliance
• Then it was a force of peacekeeping and
concilliation (Balkan Wars)
• Balkan
wars
created
NATO
as
an
interventionist force
• NATO created „out of area” operations
• It gave NATO a new life
• Now it is a global alliance, focusing on different
threats from a regional and global perspective
• The most powerful in the whole world
NATO’s Problems
TERRORISM
PROLIFERATION OF WMD
CYBER SECURITY
MISSILE THREATS
ENERGY SECURITY
PIRACY
United States
Canada
France
United Kingdom
Belgium
Netherlands
Luxembourg
Denmark
Italy
Norway
Iceland
Portugal
1952
Greece
Turkey
1955
Western Germany
1982
Spain
1999
Poland
Czech Republic
Hungary
2004
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Latvia
Estonia
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
2009
Albania
Croatia
Overview
1949
(Foundation of NATO)
1989/1991
(End of the Cold War)
1992
(War in Bosnia and Hercegovina)
1999
(War in Kosovo)
2001
(War in Afghanistan)
2011
(War in Libya)
NATO
 Enlargement towards Balkans
 Discussions around the new NATO
Strategic concept
 Return of France to NATO
 Stuck in Afghanistan
 Global partnerships?
 New tasks
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FziXbYrmAdk
The North Atlantic Treaty
 Preamble expresses timeless shared values,
interests.
 Art. 2: commitment to promote international
peace and political, economic cooperation.
 Art. 4: pledges cooperation to deal with
THREATS to “territorial integrity, political
independence or security.”
 Art. 5: mutual defense commitment.
 Art. 10: countries that can “further the
principles” and “contribute to the security of the
North Atlantic Area” may be invited to join.
NATO and the Baltic States
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZkm2G_i1Qs
 Air Policing, investments
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0CeYNFii6sY&feature=related
 Capabilities
http://tv.delfi.lt/video/n8MLgXdL/
 Defence plans
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6o5OLbGP6iM
 Military exercise, training
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mfyZUCpEvf8
 Permanent consultations
(e.g. on New NATO Strategic Concept)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-RwrK4PugE
Casualties
New NATO
•
„New” NATO - new aims and goals were created
•
A large-scale invasion on NATO’s territory is no
longer the main concern
•
NATO
does
not
focus
on
defence
but
on
combatting WMD proliferation and terrorism
•
NATO is no longer a “eurocentric” alliance, as
shown by the operation in Afghanistan and the
training mission in Iraq, also Libya
•
NATO
is
an
instrument
that
can
be
used
whenever common security interests of the allies
are threatened
•
NATO’s operational commitments stretched from
the western end of the Mediterranean to Eastern
Afghanistan, bordering on China
•
NATO is a very important (probably the most
important) political-military organization
Debates on additional
NATO’s reassurance
Geopolitical competition continues
 Post-Cold War hopes for growing
harmony vanished
(Balkan wars, NATO air strikes, US missile defence, RF-Geo war,
etc.)
 New ways of pressure are applied
(energy, cyber, minorities)
 New NATO and EU member states are
marginalized
 “Zones of special interests” are
recreated
NATO MS pursue different interests,
approaches and strategies
 Who is ready for “fighting for the Baltic
States”?
 “Partners first” or “Russia first” ?
 Resources for development of territorial
or expeditionary force?
 When and how to apply Article VI ?
“The responsibility to defend an ally applies in case of an
“armed” attack “on the territory of any of the Parties in Europe
or North America”
Practical steps of reassurance
Reinforcing solidarity
 Preserving the US involvement in European security
 Freezing dialogue with aggressive and breaking the
commitments external “partner”
 Supporting the development of military infrastructure and
reinforcement capabilities of new NATO MS
 Study and plug the gaps in NATO’s respond abilities:
 facilitation of procedures for bringing individual allies worries
to the attention of NATO
 creation of the NATO military experts composed body which
would review potential enemies’ actions and other threats also
draw recommendations for response
 allocation of resources for contingency planning and exercises,
development of appropriate weapons and expertise
Overcoming the strategic mistrust
 Speed-up the NATO enlargement plans?
Toward Eastern Europe and South Caucasus
 Timely react to aggressive actions
“AbsentWithOutLeave” during the Russia-Georgia war was
unacceptable
 Putting in place at least symbolic
deployments Competence centers, missile defence
elements, etc.
Assisting in doing “homework”
 Improve the ability of new MS to
receive military reinforcement
Modernization of infrastructure, bases, ports, airfields
 Insist on proper defence reforms
The more reforms at home, the more attention from NATO
NATO’s role in energy security
NATO and Energy Security
Chicago Summit Declaration (2012) “we
will work towards significantly improving the
energy efficiency of our military forces; develop
our competence in supporting the protection of
critical energy infrastructure; and further
develop our outreach activities in consultation
with partners, on a case-by-case basis. We
welcome the offer to establish a NATOaccredited Energy Security Centre of Excellence
in Lithuania as a contribution to NATO’s efforts
in this area”
Concept of CEO’s - since 2003
NATO ENSEC COE established
aiming:
 Contribute to NATO’s efforts to develop partnerships
with and among everyone sharing strategic interests
 Increase partners’ interest to cooperate inside and
with NATO: introduce new cooperation areas,
respond to their interests
 Contribute to NATO’s, nations’ and partners’
interoperability, gain from broader subject matter
discussion
 Stimulate Nations’ and partners’ contribution to
NATO’s OES: concepts, doctrines and capabilities
development
 Get human and financial support for NATO
ENSECCOE “soft” activities: research, training,
fellowship programs, etc.
 Stimulate public – private partnership in the area of
operational energy
NATO ENSEC COE
Military
Application of
Energy
Innovations
• Promoting
renewable
(alternative) energy
resources
•Improving energy
efficiency
•Coordinating and
promoting R&D
projects
International
Cooperation on
Energy Security
Protection of
CEI
• Concept
development on CEI
protection
• Analyzing risks and
threats to CEI
• Supporting
military capacity
building for CEI
protection
•PPP initiatives
• International
organizations and
International law on
energy security
•Consultations with
partners
•Research and analysis
•Publications
PROGRAMS
Structure of NATO ENSEC COE
*
US will initiate Note of
Joining procedure shortly