Into a New Century

Chapter 29

Learning Targets

• Students will explain the development of technology and the impact these changes had on the United States • Students will explain the domestic and foreign policies of President Clinton • Students will explain the impeachment process and how that process applied to Clinton

The Technological Revolution

• Rise of the Compact Computer  ENIAC – world’s first electronic digital computer (1946). Weighed 30 tons / size of a small house  1959 First integrated circuit single chip of silicon – complete electronic circuit on a  Area in California where companies produced chips became known as Silicon Valley  1968 Microprocessors invented – combined circuits with memory and computing functions

The Technological Revolution

• • • • • Stephen Wozniak and Steven Jobs produced first practical and affordable personal computer – Apple I IBM competed with the “PC” Apple introduced the MacIntosh using a simple operating system Bill gates co-founded Microsoft which produced PC software By 1990s people could telecommute – work from home via computers

The Technological Revolution

• Internet  System by which computers could communicate with each other  ARPANET – origin of Internet ; system linked government agencies and universities for the Department of Defense  Internet grew with introduction of hypertext (http) and web browsers  New Internet-based businesses were founded called “dot-coms”

The Technological Revolution

• Breakthroughs in Biotechnology  The managing of biological systems to improve human life  Made possible by computers  1953 James Watson and Francis Clark deciphered structure of DNA  Human Genome Project – mapping of the human DNA

The Clinton Years

• • Raised taxes – cut spending Hillary Clinton  Put in charge of healthcare reform  Produced complicated plan that failed to generate support • Family and Education  Medical Leave Act – allowed up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave  AmeriCorps Program service – put students to work in community

The Clinton Years

• Republicans Regain Control of Congress  Contract with America – Republicans voted into office promising several changes  Many changes defeated in Senate or vetoed by President  Budget battle between President and Congress caused shutdown of government – Republicans backed down  Passed several laws w/President including Welfare Reform Act Rep. Newt Gingrich – Speaker of the House and author of the Contract with America

The Clinton Years

• • Election of 1996 – Clinton defeated Republican Bob Dole Impeachment       Whitewater Special Prosecutor Kenneth Starr 1998 Congress impeached Clinton on two charges: Perjury and Obstruction of Justice Senate voted 55-45 to acquit on first charge and 50-50 on second charge Two-thirds needed to convict Vote was along party lines

The Clinton Years

• • The Haitian Intervention  Haitian President Aristide overthrown  Clinton ordered US invasion to restore order Peacekeeping in Bosnia / Kosovo  Breakup of Yugoslavia caused war and ethnic cleansing – brutal expulsion of an ethnic group from a certain area  UN and NATO intervened to protect citizens  NATO bombed Serbia

The Clinton Years

• The Middle East  Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) leader Yasir Arafat met with Clinton  The PLO recognized Israel’s right to exist and Israel recognized the PLO as the legitimate voice of the Palestinian people  Attempts to work out an Israeli withdrawal from occupied lands failed

An Interdependent World

• • • • • US experiencing less from US trade deficits – Americans purchased more from other countries while other countries bought Increasing trade was major US concern North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) – free trade agreement between US, Canada, and Mexico European Union (EU) competed w/US – free trade bloc between European member nations Euro – EU nations established a common currency

An Interdependent World

• • • World Trade Organization (WTO) – administered international trade agreements and settled international trade disputes Nuclear Proliferation  The spread of nuclear weapons to new nations  US against other nations obtaining nuclear weapons Global Warming  An increase in global temperatures over time  Some believe caused by CO2 / human activity  Kyoto Protocol sign) – several nations signed promising to reduce emissions (US did not

America Enters a New Century

• Election of 2000  Democratic – VP Al Gore  Republican – George W. Bush  Green Party – Ralph Nader  Close vote required recount – electoral votes of Florida needed to win  Recount not finished by deadline  Florida declared Bush winner Vote counter looking at “chads”

America Enters a New Century

• Bush v. Gore  Gore protested recount – Florida Supreme Court began hand recount  US Supreme Court ruled hand counts violated equal protection clause  Ruling left Bush the winner

America Enters a New Century

• President Bush  Wanted to cut taxes to boost economy (passed)  Wanted school vouchers (defeated)  Wanted standardized testing in public schools (passed)  Wanted increased military spending  Wanted to develop Initiative anti-missile system called Strategic Defense

The War on Terrorism

• • • 9-11 – terrorist attack on World Trade Center in New York, the Pentagon, and possibly Washington DC State-sponsored terrorism – when a government secretly supports terrorists Osama bin Laden & Al-Qaeda  Believed superpowers could be beaten  Wanted to re-establish the Caliphate  Angry that US had troops in Saudi Arabia  Believed Western ideas contaminated Islam

The War on Terrorism

• Terror Attacks  1993 First bombing of the World Trade Center  1995 Bombed US military barracks in Saudi Arabia  1998 Bombed US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania  1999 Attempted to bomb Seattle  2000 Suicide boat attack on USS Cole in Yemen

The War on Terrorism

• Actions Taken After 9-11  Bush declared national emergency  Investigators identified Osama Bin Laden / Al-Qaeda as attackers  Began deploying military to Middle East  Demanded Taliban in Afghanistan turn over Osama bin Laden  Announced US would no longer tolerate states that assisted terror

The War on Terrorism

 Cut terror funding by freezing bank accounts of suspected terrorist groups / supporters  Passed Patriot Act – law allowed secret searches, wire-taps, and other electronic eavesdropping   Department of Homeland Security established Anthrax attacks terrorists on government officials by suspected domestic

The War on Terrorism

 US supported Afghan rebel group The Northern Alliance   US sent troops to Afghanistan after the Taliban collapsed US troops still in-country hunting Taliban fighters

The War on Terrorism

• 2003 Iraq War  Bush afraid AL-Qaeda would get hold of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) – weapons that could kill thousands of people in one attack  Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq, known to be developing WMD  Bush asked for UN Resolution demanding Iraq give up weapons  Iraq resisted – US and coalition of other countries invaded Iraq