Transcript No Slide Title

Beginnings of an American
Identity, 1689–1763
American colonists
developed common
values and
established a
foundation for
representative
government. Britain
defeated France in
the French and
Indian War.
In courtroom speech Patrick Henry
declares, "Give me liberty, or give
me death."
NEXT
Beginnings of an American
Identity, 1689–1763
SECTION 1
Early American Culture
SECTION 2
Roots of Representation
SECTION 3
The French and Indian War
NEXT
Section 1
Early American Culture
The British colonies were shaped by
prosperity, literacy, and new movements in
religion and thought.
NEXT
SECTION
1
Early American Culture
Land, Rights, and Wealth
• Cheap farmland, many resources give
colonists chance to prosper
• Property owners, landowners, city dwellers
who pay fee could vote
• American colonies have three classes:
- high rank—large landowners
- middle rank—small farmers
- low rank—servants, slaves, hired workers
• Colonial women hold the same rank as their
husbands or fathers
Chart
NEXT
SECTION
1
Women and the Economy
• Enslaved African women help raise cash crops
• Most white women are farm wives: do
housework, tend gardens, animals
• Also work in fields, barter with neighbors for
goods and services
• Women in towns do housework, some run
inns, businesses
• Women could not vote, preach, or hold office
• Women could not own property without
husband’s permission
Image
NEXT
SECTION
1
Young People at Work
• Colonial families often large; more children
means more workers
• At age 6, boys are “breeched,” help father at
work
• At age 11, boys often become apprentices—
learn trade from craftsmen
• Work free 4—7 years; receive necessities,
training; then work for wages
• Girls rarely apprenticed, learn household skills
from mother
• At age 13 or 14, often sent to households to
learn specialized skills
Image
NEXT
SECTION
1
Colonial Schooling
• Most children are taught to read to understand
Bible
• Only children from rich families learn writing,
arithmetic
• Poor children learn reading from mother or
“dame schools”
• Textbooks emphasize religion
• Colonial America has high literacy rate
• Educated African Americans rare; illegal to
teach enslaved to read
NEXT
SECTION
1
Newspapers and Books
• Many newspapers appear in colonial America
• Most books come from England; gradually
colonists publish own books
• Almanacs, regional histories, personal stories
are popular
• Captivity narratives popular, about colonists
captured by Native Americans
NEXT
SECTION
1
The Great Awakening
• Many colonists lose religious passion; religion
seems dry, distant
• In 1730s, 1740s, the Great Awakening
religious movement is influential:
- emphasizes inner religious emotion
- deemphasizes outward religious behavior
• Jonathan Edwards is a popular preacher
involved with Great Awakening
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
1
continued The
Great Awakening
• Great Awakening changes colonial culture:
- congregations argue about religious
practices, split apart
- many join other Protestant groups
- some groups welcome women
- some groups welcome African Americans,
Native Americans
• Inspires George Whitefield; sermons raise
money for home for orphans
• Great Awakening encourages equality, right to
challenge authority
Image
NEXT
SECTION
1
The Enlightenment
• The Enlightenment emphasizes knowledge
through reason, science
• Benjamin Franklin is famous American
Enlightenment figure
• Enlightenment begins in Europe; scientists
discover natural laws
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
1
continued The
Enlightenment
• English philosopher John Locke says people
have natural rights:
- rights to life, liberty, property
- natural rights protected by government
- if government fails, people have right to
change it
• Ideas about natural rights, government
influence Europe, colonies
NEXT
Section 2
Roots of Representation
Colonists expected their government to
preserve their basic rights as English
subjects.
NEXT
SECTION
2
Roots of Representation
The Rights of Englishmen
• In 1215, King John is forced to accept Magna
Carta (Great Charter)
• Magna Carta grants rights to English
noblemen and freemen:
- cannot have property seized by king or his
officials
- in most cases, cannot be taxed unless
council agrees
- cannot be put on trial without witnesses
- can be punished only by jury of peers
• Over time, rights of Magna Carta are granted
to all English people
Image
NEXT
SECTION
2
Parliament and Colonial Government
• Parliament—England’s chief lawmaking body
has two houses:
- members of House of Commons are elected
by the people
- members of House of Lords are nonelected
• English colonists form representative
assemblies like House of Commons
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
2
continued Parliament
and Colonial Government
• English colonists govern themselves in some
ways
• England has authority over colonial
governments
• Parliament has no colonial representatives
• Passes laws that affect colonies
• Colonists dislike these laws, clash with kingappointed royal governor
NEXT
SECTION
2
A Royal Governor’s Rule
• James II becomes king (1685), imposes strict
rule on colonies
• Combines Massachusetts and Northern
colonies into one dominion
• Appoints royal governor Edmund Andros to
rule dominion
• Andros ends representative assemblies;
colonists refuse to pay taxes
Image
NEXT
SECTION
2
England’s Glorious Revolution
• English Parliament overthrows King James,
appoints William and Mary
• Change in leadership is called England’s
Glorious Revolution (1688)
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
2
continued England’s
Glorious Revolution
• William and Mary uphold the English Bill of
Rights (1689):
- monarch cannot cancel laws,
- cannot impose taxes unless Parliament
agrees
- free elections, frequent meetings of
Parliament
- excessive fines and cruel punishment
forbidden
- people can complain to monarch without
being arrested
• Establishes government based on law, not on
desires of ruler
• American colonists claim these rights
NEXT
SECTION
2
Shared Power in the Colonies
• After Glorious Revolution, Massachusetts
regains self-government
• Still have king-appointed royal governor
• Governor, his council, colonial assembly share
power
Chart
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
2
continued Shared
Power in the Colonies
• Royal governor can strike down laws
• Colonial assembly responsible for governor’s
salary
• If governor blocks law, assembly might refuse
to pay him
• England has little involvement in colonial
affairs—salutary neglect
• Governors rarely enforce certain laws;
colonists feel independent
NEXT
SECTION
2
The Zenger Trial
• John Peter Zenger—publisher of New-York
Weekly Journal
• In 1735, he prints criticism of New York’s
governor
• At the time, illegal to criticize government in
print
• Stands trial; jury says he has right to speak
truth
• Is released; colonists move toward freedom of
press
Image
NEXT
Section 3
The French and Indian
War
Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War
forced France to give up its North American
colonies.
NEXT
SECTION
3
The French and Indian
War
France Claims Western Lands
• French claim territory from Appalachian range
to Rocky Mountains (1682)
• Main French settlements along the St.
Lawrence River in Canada
• Colony of New France’s population about
80,000 (1760)
• British colonies’ population more than a million
settlers (1760)
• Many Europeans in New France work as fur
traders
Image
NEXT
SECTION
3
Native American Alliances
• English compete with French for furs
• Native American groups compete to supply
furs to Europeans
• Huron, Algonquin peoples allies of French;
Iroquois allies of English
• Series of wars between French, English, and
Native American allies
• Final war is the French and Indian War
(1754—1763)
NEXT
SECTION
3
Conflict in the Ohio River Valley
• British fur traders move into Ohio River Valley
(1750s)
• French destroy village and British trading post
to keep British out
• French build forts to protect region; Virginia
colony upset, claim region
• French refuse to leave, capture English fort,
rename it Fort Duquesne
NEXT
SECTION
3
War Begins and Spreads
• George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity
to French troops (1754)
• French and Indian War part of larger Seven
Years’ War
• Seven Years’ War is worldwide struggle for
empire between Britain, France
• Iroquois refuse to ally themselves with British
• Benjamin Franklin’s plan to unite colonies—
Albany Plan of Union
• Colonial legislatures defeat this plan
NEXT
SECTION
3
Braddock’s Defeat
• British send General Edward Braddock, two
regiments to Virginia
• Braddock and his troops defeated by French
and Indian troops (1755)
• Braddock killed; second-in-command
Washington miraculously survives
Interactive
NEXT
SECTION
3
The British Take Quebec
• By 1759, British control six French forts
• For two months British unable to capture the
fort at Quebec
• Finally, British troops sneak up cliff path, attack
fort in morning
• British commander James Wolfe, French
commander Montcalm killed
• British defeat French at Battle of Quebec;
turning point of war
Image
NEXT
SECTION
3
The Treaty of Paris
• Britain, France battle in other parts of world
three more years
• Seven Years’ War ends in 1763; British win
• Treaty of Paris:
- Britain claims all of North America east of
the Mississippi
- France gives New Orleans and Louisiana
territory to Spain
- Britain gives Cuba, Philippines to Spain for
Florida
- ends French power in North America
NEXT
SECTION
3
Pontiac’s Rebellion
• British settlers move onto Native American
lands
• Native Americans attack settlers, destroy
forts—Pontiac’s Rebellion
• British give Delaware war leaders smallpoxinfected blankets
• This starts deadly outbreak; Native Americans
retreat
• British issue Proclamation of 1763:
- forbids colonists to settle west of
Appalachians
- angers colonists who thought they had won
right to settle
Map
NEXT
This is the end of the chapter presentation of
lecture notes. Click the HOME or EXIT button.
NEXT
Print Slide Show
1. On the File menu, select Print
2. In the pop-up menu, select Microsoft PowerPoint
If the dialog box does not include this pop-up, continue
to step 4
3. In the Print what box, choose the presentation format
you want to print: slides, notes, handouts, or outline
4. Click the Print button to print the PowerPoint
presentation
Print Text Version
1. Click the Print Text button below; a text file will open
in Adobe Acrobat
2. On the File menu, select Print
3. Click the Print button to print the entire document, or
select the pages you want to print
Print Text
BACK