Transcript Chapt 1 - UUSCGAUX D11NR

Boating Skills &
Seamanship
Lesson 10
Powering Your Boat
Approved by DC-E USCG AuxA, Inc
Lesson Objectives (1)
• Characteristics of Marine Engines
• Two-Stroke vs Four-Stroke Engines
• Engine Operation & Care
• Marine vs Automotive Parts
• Engine’s Fuel & Battery
• Preventing Electrolysis
• Winterizing & Spring Check
• Basic Trouble Shooting
2
Marine Engines
• D11N NOTE:
• Much confusion, including this text,
between Engines & Propulsion or Drive
systems
3
Types of Marine Engines
• Installation location of engine
– Inboard
• Includes inboard, tunnel, v, stern, & tractor drives
– Outboard
• Operating cycle
– 2 cycle
– 4 cycle
• Fuel type
– Gas
– Diesel
4
Types of Marine Propulsion
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•
Outboard: Unit containing engine, shafts, prop located outside &
attached to transom. Trim function
Inboard: Engine & gearbox in boat, shaft through hull, external prop &
rudder, prop at angle to water surface
– Traditional uses straight shaft, engine is well forward of transom
– Tunnel drive
– V drive moves engine to transom, shaft cut in half and leaves engine going
forward, then reverses forming a V shape
•
Inboard/Outboard (I/O) or Stern: Engine inboard at stern, external drive
includes prop parallel to water surface, driven by shafts at 90 degrees.
Swivel drive to turn; no rudder; trim function
– Traditional I/O has large transom cut out with drive & prop on transom
– Tractor or 360 degree swivel, shaft through hull, drive & prop under hull
•
Jet drive: Inboard engine and pump thrusts water out nozzle to propel.
Impeller no prop. Swivel nozzle to turn.
5
Inboard Engines
• Engine Mounted
In Boat
• Engine is usually
modified automotive
• Modifications essential
for safe use
6
Stern Drive Propulsion
• Engine In Boat so
an INBOARD Engine
• Outdrive Or Lower
Unit Mounted On
Transom
7
Outboard Engines
• Engine Mounted On
Transom Outside
Boat
8
Four-Stroke Engines
Stroke = ½ revolution
intake
compression
power
exhaust
9
Two-Stroke Engines
10
Gas vs Diesel Engines
• Diesel Engines
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More Efficient Than Gas
Less Expensive To Operate
More Reliable
Less Hazardous Fuel
• Gas Engines
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Lighter And Less Expensive
Less Noisy
Less Vibration
More Volatile – Explosive Fuel
11
Automotive vs
Marine Parts
• Marine Parts
– Specially Made To Minimize Danger Of
Fire And Explosion
– Includes But Not Limited To
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Alternators
Starters
Distributors
Fuel Pumps
Fuel Systems (carburetor etc.)
• Be Aware – Many Marine and Auto
Parts Look Alike
12
Induction Systems
Getting Fuel Into The Cylinders
• Gas Engines
– Traditional – Carburetor Mixes Fuel &
Air
– New Systems – Fuel Injection
• Diesel Engines
– Injection
13
Ignition Systems
Igniting The Fuel Mixture
• Gas Engines
– Small Outboards – Magneto
– Other Outboards & all Inboards
• Traditional – Battery, Distributor & Coil
• Newest - Electronic
• Diesel Engines
– Heat Of Compression
14
Cooling Systems
• Open System
– Sea Water Pumped Through Engine
• Closed System
– Sea Water Pumped Through Heat
Exchanger
– Fresh Water with Antifreeze Pumped
Through Engine & Heat Exchanger
15
Gasoline
• Leaded vs Unleaded
• Octane Rating
– Regular - 86
– Premium - 91/93
– Check Owner’s Manual
• Alcohol Additive (Gasohol)
– Possible Damage To
• Outboards
• Fuel Lines & Tanks
• Oilers (VRO)
16
Batteries
• Marine Battery – Deep-Cycle
• Check
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Battery Switch
Battery Charge
Corroded Terminals
Terminals Covered
Properly Secured
• Ensure Proper Cable Attachment & Removal
When Using Battery Charger Or Jumping
Batteries
17
Maintenance
• Lubrication Oil
– Checking - Changing
• Outboards – Lower Units
– Gear Case Oil – Grease Fittings
– Hydraulic Fluid
• General Checks
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Bilge Pump
Oil Leaks
Stuffing Box
Drive Belts
Ignition System
Spark Plugs
18
Maintenance
• Fuel System
– Filters
– Fuel Lines
• Cooling System
– Water Levels
– Hoses
• Sacrificial Zincs
• Propellers
19
Winterizing The Boat
• Change Oil & Filter
• Fuel System
– Add Stabilizer & Fill Tank
– Run Engine Out of Fuel
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Cooling System
Ignition System
Fresh Water System
Remove Drain Plug if on Land
Heads
20
Spring Fitting-Out
• Check
•
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Batteries – Clamps - Cables
Seacocks – Hoses - Clamps
Hull For Cracks - Zincs
Fuel Tanks & Hoses
Bilge Blowers & Hoses
Fire Extinguishers & Flares
Steering & Trim
Galley Stove
Bilge Pump & Float Switch
21
Trouble Shooting
• Engine Will Not Turn Over
– Clutch in neutral?
– Battery OK?
– Cable Connections OK?
• Engine Will Not Start
– Fuel?
– Spark?
• Engine Runs Rough
• Engine Does Not Develop Full Power
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Summary (1)
• Class of Marine Engines
• Operating Cycle
• Gas vs Diesel Engines
• Automotive vs Marine Parts
• Induction & Ignition Systems
• Cooling Systems
23
Summary (2)
• Gasoline
• Batteries
• Maintenance
• Winterizing The Boat
• Spring Fitting-Out
• Trouble Shooting
24